Documents found
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2901.More information
The author identifies and analyzes the religious dimension of statements of identity and of land claims in Canada, on the part of the government of Canada acting in the name of the Crown and on the part of First Nations who for centuries have resisted the colonial ambitions of British and Canadian governments. The paper focuses on the numerous déclarations of First Nations that emphasize their relationship to the Creator as the foundation of their ancestral rights. Unless the collective religious imagination of both parties, Christian and Aboriginal, are examined they will continue to inspire conflicts that oppose not only Aboriginal Peoples and governments in Canada and Québec but also drive Christian and Traditionalists against each other within Aboriginal Communities.
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2902.More information
This article studies the formation and functioning of rural organizations in developing countries by comparing two main periods in which the state and civil society play very different roles. Despite the considerable changes that have taken place in these organizations between the two periods, a single analytical framework can be applied to them that enables a better understanding of their nature, importance and viability in each situation. The article looks at the role these organizations play in the strategies of the different categories of actors concerned—dominated or dominant, internal or external. How do the objectives of private enterprises, households and the state work together? A battleground among actors trying to orient them according to their own respective agendas, can these organizations also be a ground for convergences, negotiations and adaptations/concessions?
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2903.
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2904.
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2908.More information
Over the past decades, advances made in understanding the mechanisms involved in plants' induced resistance have stimulated the development of innovative projects that focus on the natural defense strategy of plants in a context that combines environmental preservation with the massive production of agricultural products. Today, an increasing number of formulations containing elicitors of natural defenses (or SDN, for “stimulateur des défenses naturelles”) as active ingredients are being marketed, and there is good reason to believe that more induced resistance-mediated molecules will be available in the near future. A SDN is a biological molecule capable of initiating the molecular, biochemical and cellular events that lead to the expression of plant resistance. As such, a SDN is similar to a vaccine in that it is capable of stimulating a plant's “immune system”, thus turning a plant that was initially susceptible to a pathogen into a resistant one. If chitosan has been well known for years, other SDNs of various origins have recently been discovered, and some of them have been commercialized. Such is the case of Iodus 40®, a β-1,3-glucan polymer isolated form a brown alga, Messenger®, whose active ingredient is a bacterial peptide, and Stifénia®, which contains extracts from fenugreek, an African legume. Exploiting plants' induced resistance in biological agriculture or sustainable agriculture (alternation between biological control and chemical control) is a very promising strategy since it is essentially based on the stimulation of natural plant defense mechanisms. It is however obvious that more research is needed to demonstrate that this approach 1) does not present risks for consumers (allergies or other disorders); 2) does not affect yields; 3) is not too variable in terms of performance; and 4) is not too expensive compared with chemical control approaches.
Keywords: Agriculture raisonnée, résistance induite, stimulateur des défenses naturelles (SDN), Induced resistance, SDN (stimulateurs des défenses naturelles), sustainable agriculture
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2910.More information
This article identifies teenagers' discourses on their sociolinguistic experience, the development of their capabilities as plurilingual speakers and the identities (individual, collective, linguistic, and cultural) they develop within a specific context. Through a series of individual sociobiographic interviews, the representations of languages and the strategies they use in language contact situations to construct and develop plurilingual identities emerge with regards to constraints related to language acquisition and transmission, as well as to the stated verbal repertoires and the many identities they claim in order to ponder on the best method to describe complex language situations.
Keywords: Plurilinguisme, représentations, identités, réseau social, contacts de langues, adolescents, Plurilingualism, representations, identities, social network, languages in contact, teenagers