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Based on biodiversity conservation projects or integrated management projects of the Mediterranean wetlands, this paper shows that their sustainable development mainly depends on a political thinking about misdevelopment. The biodiversity conservation projects try with various successes to conciliate conservation and development. Amongst the problems, the decrease of the fresh water resource is added to the social disparity and the poverty. Promoting and managing institutional changes, increasing the stakeholders' social capital, learning and collectively deciding are the main keys of sustainable development. Many disparities still exist in the democratic processes at the local, regional and national levels but a participative development is suggested. More centered on the needs of local communities than on economic growth, being more reflexive, and setting the science's critic and the co-construction of projects at the heart of the process, this participative development may offer an alternative to the prevalent approaches that were used until now. The sustainable development of the Mediterranean wetlands is still promising if it increases the adaptive capacity of both social and ecological systems in order to reject any irreversibility.

Within Canada's Francophone minority context, schools have the mission not only to instruct and educate children, but also to socialize them as a new generation of French speakers and members of the Francophone community (Gérin-Lajoie, 2004; Landry, Allard & Deveau, 2010; Magnan & Pilote, 2007). Nonetheless, however, the desire to both protect and reproduce a monolingual Francophone space raises several questions: for example, who are Francophone schools intended for and what can or should be the role of English-speaking parents in them?In Vancouver, it often happens that the parents of pupils in Francophone schools speak little to no French. Although some decide to remain discreet, many others decide to be fully engaged in their children's school life. This engagement can take many forms: homework support, volunteering, involvement in parents' association and committees, etc. The presence and involvement of English-speaking parents in Francophone schools can occasionally lead to controversy and may even create tensions between the school's staff and families.Positioned within the field of critical sociolinguistics (Heller, 2002), this article is based on data derived from an ethnographic study undertaken in a school setting. It examines comments made by parents and the staff of a Francophone school in the greater Vancouver area with regard to the involvement of English-speaking parents at the school. It discusses the challenges and efforts involved in better acknowledging the engagement of Anglophone parents in fulfilling the mission of a Francophone school in a minority context.

The nature and importance of the relations that exist between Canada's Francophone communities and Québec frequently provoke controversy and identarian inquiry. For example, how do young Francophones and Francophiles view other Francophone communities and how do they perceive their respective communities within Canada? Is there awareness of a western-Canadian Francophone community or are provincial Francophone identities imposed upon them with regard to their manner of self-representation?In this article, we present the results of field research conducted in 2014-2015 which examines the manner in which students of the Campus Saint-Jean perceive Alberta's Francophone community in terms of their relations with other western-Canadian Francophone communities. This is a study which, in exploring the perceptions of young Francophones and Francophiles who attend this Francophone institution of post-secondary education, allows for consideration of whether they perceive themselves as part of an Albertan Francophone space or of a plurality of Francophone Canadian spaces. We see that there are various opposing perceptions regarding the vitality, as well as the place, of Alberta's Francophone community within the Francophonie of the Canadian west.

This paper aims at understanding deeply the impact of business transfer on the health of small business owners. We adopt the framework of the psychosocial risks and analyze 45 cases of business transfer (from the owner's perspective). First of all, results identify additional sources of stress both during and after the transfer process because of multiple and different roles to assume. They also specify specific consequences on health and bring to light three main categories of influencing factors (deteriorating or mitigating). We finally propose a model – based on the context, the process and the owner – to define standard areas of vigilance.

Keywords: Cession externe, Dirigeants de PME, Risques psychosociaux, Stress, Récits de vie, Business transfer, Small business owners, Psychosocial risks, Stress, Storytelling, Cesión externa, Dirigentes de PyME, Riesgos psicosociológicos, Estrés, Relatos de vida

AbstractThe Corporate Social Responsability impose himself today like a stratagic lever of the development of small Meduim Enterprise independently to it size. The concern of this issue for SME has become a major concept for our study. The purpose of this reseach is to apprehend the perception that leader of SME have on Corporate Social Responsability in a environment labelled by the imbalance in the economy. An investigation driven nearby twenty two leaders of SME's Cameroonian allowed to remark that SME are carrier of the finalty no necessarily lucratif, that the conviction of managing characterized by ethical securities and substancial and the traditional culture are the foundation of social responsability.

Keywords: Perception, RSE, PME, Convictions managériales, Culture, Apprehension, CSR, SME, Manager's belief, Culture, Percepción, RSE, PyME, Creencias de gestión, Cultura

The inclusion of territorial anchoring (TA) in the components of a CSR policy sometimes leads to the development of a proselytic speech towards business leaders and entrepreneurs. It is important for business leaders to adopt a critical attitude in order to consider the SME's interest of participating in collective actions. How to analyze the nature of the strategic resources generated by TA from an SME's point of view? Firstly, this paper theoretically analyzes the sustainable competitive advantage that resources generated by TA are able to create. An analysis grid based on the Barney's VRIO model is proposed. It highlights the characteristics of SME/territory interactions based on the possibility of relying on the strategic dimension of these resources. Secondly, the authors carry out four SME case studies to validate the operational capacity of this analysis grid and to adapt this tool.

Keywords: Ancrage territorial, Avantage concurrentiel, Légitimité, Stratégie, Territoire, Territorial anchoring, Competitive advantage, Legitimacy, Strategy, Territory, Anclaje territorial, Ventaja competitiva, Legitimidad, Estrategia, Territorio