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Business networks play a key role in SMEs' internationalization, notably in emerging countries like China. They allow them to bypass the barriers faced due to their limited size and to access to new business opportunities. Few studies have been conducted on the difficulties faced by SMEs due to their networks. The longitudinal study conducted on a SME having a subsidiary in China shows that using networks can lead to dependency, internal tensions and high costs. Being suc-cessful in China depends upon the SME's capability to diversify its networks and select the right Chinese middleman.

Keywords: Réseaux d'affaires, PME, internationalisation, Chine, Guanxi, Business networks, SME, Internationalization, China, Guanxi, Redes, PYME, Internationalization, China, Guanxi

Studies combining a CSR approach and corporate governance theories (Charreaux, 2006, Cespa and Cestone, 2007) have made it possible to explain in the Algerian context the extension of managerial power and the privatisation of companies. (Gana-Oueslati & Labaronne, 2011). Despite the relevance of this research, we show that the company cannot be reduced to contract nodes. It can also be a place of exchange and learning (Argyris & Schön 2002, March 1991). In the context of an Algerian public company, we propose to evaluate the lessons learned from certification according to the ISO 9001 standard.

Keywords: apprentissage organisationnel, processus de certification, norme ISO 9001, management de la qualité, Qualité totale, organizational learning, certification process, ISO 9001, quality management, Total Quality, aprendizaje organizacional, proceso de certificación, norma ISO 9001, gestión de calidad, calidad total

This article adopts a historical and literary perspective in examining the treatment of biological evolution when it is subjected to religious representations that are underpinned by a political agenda. Theoretical reference is made to Foucault's understanding of power-knowledge relationships, which is combined with an approach aimed at fostering the “enjoyment of knowledge” as developed by Astolfi (2010). This approach was tested with three groups of Tunisian secondary students by holding tests followed by discussions with a scientist, and then analyzing the resulting discursive data through the lens of the “microphysics” of power. The results suggest the contributions, but also the limitations, of the processes that were implemented.

Keywords: évolution biologique, lycéens tunisiens, relation pouvoir-savoir, plaisir du savoir, assujettissement, biological evolution, Tunisian secondary students, power-knowledge relationships, enjoyment of knowledge, subjection, evolución biológica, estudiantes tunecinos de liceos, relaciones podersaber, placer del saber, asujeción

The systemic perspective doesn't lead to oppose a structural or systemic conception to a more strategic approach. But on the contrary to relate them closely showing the interactions, the constraints and the interdependences which condition the different political choices, confine and progressively close the fields of possibilities. Much more than actor's intentions, these are the system's properties which determine its logic, its global dynamic and its effects. In this way we will successively look after the strategies of different national actors (Germany, France, Great-Britain, USSR, Belgium) in the triggering of the World War II, and the properties of the system related to the interactions and interdependences of actor's games. Finally, we will study the dynamic and effects of the system: the path of war.

Keywords: Jeux d'acteurs, système d'action complexe, propriétés et effets de système, Deuxième Guerre mondiale, relations internationales, Actors games, Complex Action System, Properties and Systemic Effects, Triggering of World War II, International Relations

The Chèque emploi-service (CES) is a direct funding home care support service program implemented in Quebec in 1996 in response to the demands of people living with disabilities. The use of the CES has since been widely extended, mainly among the elderly. Inspired by various «cash-for-care» models, the CES allows for greater control and personalization of service provision, but also for significant budget savings. Our case study exposes how unpaid labour contributes to the cost-effectiveness of the program. Three dynamics underlie this phenomenon: 1) the deskilling of the home care services sector, 2) the deregulation of the employment relationship induced by direct funding, and 3) successive budget cuts and service reductions. We show that the confluence of these three dynamics results in the emergence of a «grey zone», i.e. a space of uncertainty and arbitrariness within which the working and remuneration conditions are subject to renegotiation. Unpaid labour is then tied to the power and dependence balance between users and workers.

Keywords: Chèque emploi-service, services de soutien à domicile, allocation directe, zone grise de l'emploi, travail gratuit, Chèque emploi-service, home care support services, cash-for-care grey area of employment, free work, Cheque empleo – servicio, servicios a domicilio, subsidio directo, zona gris de trabajo, trabajo gratuito

The digital and audiovisual archival documents (documents audiovisuels numériques d'archives), referred here as DANA, are becoming an integral part of digital technology and their growth is exponential. However, there is a gap that needs to be filled between the present uses and practices of DANA and the online services offered by heritage institutions. The gap between present uses and its services is notably ensued by a lack of defining the properties and characteristics of DANA. Yet, taking them into account is essential in order to establish the organizational and dissemination modalities of DANA, which facilitate their use. First, the analysis of the document's aspects, the audiovisual, archival and digital format, underlines these properties and characteristics, bringing us to considerate many potential and tangible solutions : In regards to the content, archival transfer and operation, digital access, user and institutional relationships and lastly, the future technological developments in order to improve the compatibility between, on one hand, DANA and its users and, on the other hand, the means and modalities in place by institutions on the Web.

Although since the 1960s, the democratization of universities has contributed to the emergence of a variety of student profiles, thus forcing universities to redefine their mission (Chénard, 2005; Romainville, 2004), the strong growth of the population of students with disabilities (SD), said to be emerging, is compelling universities more than ever to redefine their roles and rethink the curriculum from the standpoint of inclusion. The need to update this conclusion is so urgent that it is being done under the auspices of a legal obligation to promote and support accessible non-discriminatory education for all. In this context, professors find themselves in the forefront of this inclusivity, which is why this article aims to understand how they see the inclusion of SD and to identify ways that should be used to support the participation of these students. A questionnaire addressed to 613 professors from three Québec universities highlights their concerns about meeting curriculum requirements and the need to not only better inform them, but also to come up with mechanisms for specifying clear guidelines about accommodations that could be offered to DS.