Documents found
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2971.More information
Francophone minority communities (FMCs) in Canada underwent a remarkable social transformation at the beginning of the 2000s: they became host communities to French-speaking immigrants. But how did this shape social cohesion with respect to ethnoracial diversity? This article explores the aporias of social cohesion within four FMCs across the country (British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario and New Brunswick). Our argument is drawn, on the one hand, from debates in the social sciences literature about social cohesion, and on the other hand, from qualitative focus group data. Our results confirm a fact supported by Durkheimian sociology: achieving social cohesion within FMCs appears to have to undergo a process of creative destruction generating a collective contract that is able to integrate fully Francophone transnational immigrants who do not necessarily share the social ambitions of their host community.
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2972.More information
To provide information and record natural disaster, communication medium technical strength offers new opportunities. In spite of this high number production to facilitate disaster reduction, paradox is that danger exposure constantly raises in ours societies. Illustrated trough cases studies, relation between damage assessment and beneficiary's list conditions count socio-political uses. Recorded on databases for decision-making, this number seems reaching impartiality. Nevertheless, methodology heterogeneity between two databases, EM-DAT (The International Disaster Database) and DesInventar, shows different conceptual positions. If number is an indicator, the management is liberal. If number is an evidence, management is prescriptive.
Keywords: risque, catastrophe naturelle, base de données, chiffre, risk, natural disaster, database, number
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2974.More information
The double taxation of income constitutes a barrier to international trade and investments. In order to prevent or to remedy the problems resulting from this barrier, States use to negotiate double taxation conventions. Double taxation conventions have also been negotiated by Canada. As of August 1, 1987, 45 double taxation conventions were in force in Canada. The main purpose of this article is to overview the main aspects of the Canadian double taxation conventions from their negotiation to their administration.
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2975.More information
In recent years, the issue of trafficking in persons, especially women and girls, has attracted considerable attention worldwide and has generated growing concern among international and national human rights organizations. Although human trafficking for prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation is widely denounced and the international community has mobilized significant resources to suppress the phenomenon, the trafficking of women and girls for purposes of forced marriage is still poorly documented and legislated. Yet, as several reports have established, this is a reality that does exist on a global scale. Based on a review of the literature and legal documentation, this article aims to summarize analytical knowledge about trafficking in women and girls for forced marriage, a phenomenon that combines two issues that are usually studied separately: human trafficking of women and girls and forced marriage. This article raises two key questions: firstly, can forced marriage be a form of trafficking? And secondly, if so, is the Additional Protocol to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children applicable?
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2976.More information
This reflective paper aims to explore the relationship between international students, academic and social integration and ICT, from the existing scientific literature. Drawing from the concept of academic and social integration, we first highlight that the triad “international students – academic and social integration – ICT” is not often discussed in the literature. In the absence of empirical results, the paper then focuses on why it would be interesting to deepen our understandings of this relationship. We finally suggest some avenues for future researches.
Keywords: Étudiants internationaux, intégration académique et sociale, TIC, International students, academic and social integration, ICT
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2978.
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2980.More information
On December 15th, 2011, Canada caught everyone by surprise by denouncing the Kyoto Protocol. The withdrawal of Canada from the Kyoto Protocol was conducted legally: the Protocol not only laid the grounds for it, but the way Canada behaved does not lead to the conclusion that there was right abuse. Therefore, Canada is no longer bound by its obligations since December 15th, 2012. However, it remains true that denunciation produces its effects only in the future and Canada cannot use its withdrawal as technical alibi to justify or overshadow its inaction over the last years. On the contrary, its withdrawal points to its inaction which constitutes a violation of the obligation of result, constituting an internationally wrongful conduct. For this reason, most of the states that are part of the Protocol, can denounce Canada international responsibility. The theory of the international responsibility will serve best through the application of the international legality.