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Keywords: Selected:Littérature autochtone, Kwahiatonhk!, Institutionnalisarion, éthique des relations, infrastructure littéraire

The role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of multinational companies in emerging countries is a controversial issue. The situation is particularly sensitive in post-crisis countries, and the societal impact of Corporate Social Actions (CSA) is all the more important. This article analyses the societal impact of the CSAs of French multinational companies operating in Colombia. The cases of 21 subsidiaries are compared using the QCA method. The results show an overall positive balance, especially for companies that multiply locally-decided and context-specific CSAs. More broadly, this research discusses the measurement of the impact of CSAs in post-crisis emerging countries.

Keywords: Actions Sociales d'Entreprises, Colombie, Entreprises Multinationales, Pays émergents, Pays post-crise, RSE, Corporate Social Action, Colombia, Multinational Enterprises, Emerging Countries, Post-crisis countries, CSR, Acción Social Corporativa, Colombia, Empresas Multinacionales, Países emergentes, Países postcrisis, Responsabilidad Social Corporativa

This article aims to show that, beyond the managerial literature, the notion of governance is subject to various economic and socio-cultural perceptions and representations that organizational actors hold at a specific time. In this research work, we question the polysemy of this concept through the discourse of Burundian students in order to explore its range and stakes. The content analysis of these discourses revealed that the lexical field related to governance, emerging from those students' discourses, describes mainly the political and socio-economic situation of the country. In other words, this discourse refers more to a political, economic or social context than to specific characteristics associated with the notion of governance, as described in the literature and/or through managerial discourse. This unusual description of governance allows us to question the discourse built around the concept. Indeed, when trying to define or describe the notion of governance, the managerial discourse tends to neglect the particular nature of socio-cultural factors. And this managerial discourse about governance is often the authority when it comes to defining the scientific discourse on the matter and to influencing legal mechanisms.

The purpose of this exploratory research is to understand how the relational structure of CSR network broadcasters in Tunisia is organized, by showing which organizations is composed the CSR network, what are their respective roles, their relations and how does this network work. Anchored in interpretativisme, this qualitative research generated an empirical contribution through both theoretical and concrete proposals for the attention of various stakeholders in organizations interested in the modalities the CSR strategy and dissemination modalities of CSR.

Keywords: RSE, réseau, ordre local, acteur tiers, CSR, networks, local order, third party actor, RSE, red, orden local, actor tercero

Coopetition is a strategy that brings performance and potential risks to firms. This is also true for small business. Indeed, on the one hand, past researches show that small business can highly benefit from coopetition. On the other hand, coopetition carries tensions and conflicts destructing value. Consequently, coopetition in small business has to be efficiently managed to perform well. Past researches has focused on methods of intern management of coopetition in small business but not on inter-organizational devices. In so doing, we develop a theoretical framework based on the Proximity Law, in which four elements are essential: small businesses in coopetition form a community separated from the rest of competitors by a wall phenomenon; small businesses in coopetition develop a high sense of belonging to the community ; there is a hierarchization of the members inside the coopetitive network ; the wall of the coopetitive community is not totally hermetic because there are entry and exit doors. The relevance of this theoretical framework is evaluated by studying small businesses in the real estate brokerage industry in France. This research shows the relevance of coopetition strategies in small business and that the four main characteristics of coopetition in small business are present.

Keywords: Coopétition, Spécificités des PE, Dirigeant-propriétaire, Loi proxémique, Agences immobilières, Coopetition, Specificities of small business, Owner-managers, Proximity law, Real estate agencies, Coopetición, Especifidades de las pequeñas empresas, Dirigente-proprietario, Ley proxémica, Agencias immobiliarias

Small and medium-sized enterprises are a major constituent of the Lebanese economic fabric. In recent decades, the leaders of these SMEs have played a key role in the survival of their businesses. This research aims at understanding how these leaders manage to survive in a turbulent context marked by perpetual changes that are almost constantly renewed, and this by showing how, in such an environment, they manage to mobilize resources and skills and to deploy dynamic capabilities in order develop effective and sustainable practices. The results of a qualitative exploratory research aim at presenting to researchers a “reaction model” which could, in a similar context, enlighten SME managers on the required managerial performance.

Keywords: PME, Dirigeant, Contexte turbulent, Pratiques de gestion, Liban, SME, Manager, Turbulent context, Management practices, Lebanon, PyME, Dirigente, Contexto turbulento, Prácticas de gestión, Líbano

While the academic literature on the digital transformation of companies has grown considerably in recent years, most authors have focused on large companies without taking into account research on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). However, according to the French Ministry of the Economy, SMEs account for 24% of the added value of all French companies and have significant room for improvement in terms of digitalization. Moreover, digital tools seem to play a role in the performance of SMEs. The latter deserve to be analyzed specifically so that their particularities and their own challenges are taken into account, for example, their lack of financial and human resources. We question the existence of a structured research community around digital transformation and SME performance. A bibliometric study (CCA, cocitation analysis; CBA, bibliographic coupling analysis), based on the literature dealing jointly with digital transformation and SME performance, has been conducted. It has three main objectives: to understand how and on what basis the academic literature on the subject was built, to structure the existing research by identifying its contributions but also its limitations and finally, to highlight future research avenues.

Keywords: Transformation digitale, PME, Performance, Analyse bibliométrique, Analyse de cocitation, Couplage bibliographique, Digital transformation, SMEs, Performance, Bibliometric analysis, Co-citation analysis, Bibliographic coupling, Transformación digital, PyME, Desempeño, Análisis bibliométrico, Análisis de cocitación, Acoplamiento bibliográfico