Search Results

Drawing on the context of French local authorities, this article contributes to understanding whether and how social innovation transforms public governance. Based on a multiple case study, our results show that the nature of social innovation requires a transformation in local public governance. This evolution can take different forms, ranging from governance that is both bottom-up and top-down (also known as bottom-linked governance) to governance that advocates shared responsibility between public, private and civil society actors. We propose new recommendations for policy-makers and territorial public managers, so that local authorities can successfully achieve their objectives through social innovation.

Keywords: innovation sociale, collectivités territoriales, gouvernance publique, secteur public local, étude de cas multiples, social innovation, local authorities, public governance, local public sector, multiple case studies, innovación social, autoridades locales, gobernanza pública, sector público local, estudios de casos múltiples

La domestication des plantes est un processus graduel et continu. Des changements dans la sélection naturelle (ex. sélection pour un trait particulier, changement dans le lieu de culture, maladies fongiques) peuvent avoir comme conséquences des changements à l'échelle de la microévolution. L'interaction entre les humains et les espèces cultivées est un des engins majeurs de l'évolution de ces espèces, avec une grande influence sur le flux des gènes et la sélection. La conservation des variétés de culture in situ (à la ferme) est donc une stratégie qui peut maintenir l'adaptation des variétés à une diversité de conditions environnementales, de milieux culturels, et de maladies émergentes. J'ai étudié des populations d'une plante céréalière autoféconde, l'orge (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare), qui sont gérées par des agriculteurs dans …

The aim of this study is to assess the factors exacerbating conflicts in artisanal fisheries in the SRFC ecoregion, and to question the ability of current management frameworks to resolve them. The method consisted in conducting interviews with various stakeholders in the SRFC countries, combining semi-structured interviews and focus groups to analyse the perceptions and dynamics of conflicts in artisanal fisheries. The results show that conflicts in SRFC artisanal fisheries are not solely linked to competition for access to resources but are the product of a combination of structural and interactional factors. On the one hand, structural factors, such as the influence of extractive industries, the extension of Marine Protected Areas, and management policies perceived as inequitable, reinforce power asymmetries and tensions linked to access to resources. On the other hand, interactional factors, such as internal rivalries between artisanal fishermen, frustrations with technological inequalities and uncertainties caused by climate change, aggravate conflict dynamics. These tensions are rooted in relationships of domination, perceptions of injustice and imbalances in the distribution of benefits, revealing a complexity that goes far beyond the struggle for resources alone. These conflicts are likely to intensify in the future with the expansion of protected fishing zones, such as MPAs and EBSAs, the intensification of artisanal fishermen's migration, and the overlap of extractive industries with these zones in developing countries. These dynamics, combined with the effects of climate change and the absence of regional conflict management mechanisms in frameworks such as the SRFC, will create an even more conflict-ridden and uncertain environment for artisanal fishers.

Keywords: conflit, aire protégée, pêche, gouvernance, CSRP, conflict, protected area, fishing, governance, SRFC

In the context of the sustainable management of the Mulet River watershed, a set of conservation and restoration measures have been identified through a participatory and contributory approach supported by scientific literature. In order to assess these measures according to their overall performance and to bundle them into robust baskets of measures, a multi-criteria decision aid approach in a multi-stakeholder context was employed. This approach allows comparison and ranking of the identified measures while considering the values and the preferences of the various actors involved, in order to facilitate negotiations towards the building of a consensual and shared solution, consisting in baskets of measures. Through the application of this approach leading to a good level of agreement between the actors of the watershed area, several measures of agronomic, plant, mechanical, socio-cultural and socio-political categories were selected, and structured into intervention baskets according to the degredation levels of the watershed. The implementation of these measures aims at making the watershed better adapted to the impacts of climate variability and change, while improving the living conditions of the local communities.

Keywords: bassin versant, participation, aide multicritère à la décision, mesures de conservation et de restauration, changements climatiques, watershed, participation, multi-criteria decision support, conservation and restoration measures, climate change

Keywords: composition contemporaine, arabe, tradition et contemporanéité, transculturalité, transformation esthétique, Arabic, aesthetic transformation, contemporary composition, tradition and contemporaneity, transculturality

Inequality of income and happiness seem to be in a negative correlation and the latter could be greater in rich than in poor societies. To examine this hypothesis, data were collected on 144 countries. The hypothesis was confirmed for two indexes of happiness: life evaluation and subjective well-being, but only for rich countries, even when controlling the effect of purchasing power. Beyond some level of inequality, the economic growth does not improve well-being in rich countries. In these countries, economic growth counts less than a fair distribution of wealth. Because of the serious repercussions of inequality on mental health, psychologists are invited to pay attention to it in their interventions.

Keywords: inégalité des revenus, bonheur, inequality of income, happiness

There are many examples of the use of arts as a path to expression and transformation for indigenous people. However, there is a lack of information about the transformations that can take place throughout art and creativity from the youth's point of view. This study takes place in an ethnographic design and takes a phenomenological stance on a circus collective (Artcirq) that takes place within an Inuit community. It aims to better understand the experience of the young people who participate in the project. Our research data encompasses interviews with Inuit youth involved in Artcirq, fieldnotes as well as complementary interviews with a few persons of interest. Our analysis leads us to describe three central dimensions of the youth's experience of Artcirq as a space: 1) where they can discover and develop their internal resources; 2) where they can connect and belong; and 3) where "being Inuit" can be experienced as belonging and sharing. The potentially therapeutic implications of such community-based spaces dedicated to Inuit youth's well-being are brought up in the discussion.

Keywords: jeunes inuit, espaces artistiques, démarche ethnographique, cirque social, espace potentiel, Winnicott, Inuit youth, artistic spaces, ethnography, social circus, potential space, Winnicott

This study focuses on implementing international open innovation (IOI) projects within SMEs and the role of the internationalization process in this endeavor. Based on interviews with 38 CEOs of Quebec SMEs, the study reveals that IOI is primarily implemented through inbound and coupled practices involving specific actors such as competitors, distributors, or non-governmental organizations (NGOs). SMEs also face several challenges, including distrust, resource insufficiency, risk management, and the distance between innovation partners. However, the existence of pre-existing or gradually constructed networks helps mitigate these challenges. This research enriches the literature on IOI and provides guidance for executives for successful IOI implementation.

Keywords: Innovation ouverte internationale, mise en oeuvre, défis, processus d'internationalisation, approche fondée sur les connaissances, PME, International open innovation, implementation, challenges, internationalization process, knowledge-based approach, SMEs, Innovación abierta internacional, implementación, desafíos, proceso de internacionalización, enfoque basado en el conocimiento, PYMES

Research framework: The main characteristic of most societies in Burkina Faso is patriarchy. In this social system, men dominate women. Belief systems and social representations have long conveyed an image of women as exclusively housewives. Accordingly, the political arena is perceived as a place for men. As a result, women who take an interest in politics are labelled, harassed or discouraged by their families. Despite Law No. 003-2020/AN, which sets a quota to encourage women to stand in legislative and municipal elections, women are still poorly positioned and represented in these elections. However, some women manage to find their place in the political arena, if not to establish themselves, in defiance of the social order. Based on a socio-historical and anthropological approach to women’s participation in politics, Bourdieu’s theory of fields and capitals is mobilized to grasp women’s political dynamics in Burkina Faso.Objectives: The main objective of this research is to analyze the resilience of women, who are under the double weight of their social status in the family and male dominance in the political arena.Methodology: This article uses a qualitative method based on the life stories of influential women in politics in Burkina Faso. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a control group consisting of a few members of these women’s families, as well as members of their neighbourhood.Results: In the context of a generally unfavourable family, social and economic environment, some women have demonstrated a great capacity for resilience, enabling them to reconcile their political and social responsibilities in the best possible way.Conclusions: This paper has highlighted an interesting aspect of women’s political reality in Burkina Faso, who “refuse the political dictates of men” that can lead to political self-censorship. Most women who have managed to secure a place for themselves have had to contend with the challenge of reconciling political life with their status as housewives, the associated social expectations and male domination, particularly in the political arena. In the process of Burkinabe women’s political self-fulfillment, the family appeared as a “bipolarized” reality: sometimes as a constraint, other times as a driving force behind these women’s political emergence, under the influence of family socialization.Contribution: This article contributes to the understanding of the difficult equitable participation of women in politics, despite the legislative framework put in place in Burkina Faso. This study invites further reflection on how to improve the representation of Burkinabe women in the political arena, as well as their efficient participation in the decision-making and development process of their country.

Keywords: champ politique, arène politique, résilience, entre-soi familial, vie de famille, political field, political arena, resilience, family interdependence, family life, campo político, arena política, resiliencia, entre-sí familiar, vida familiar