Documents found
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3141.More information
The transformations in the organization of collective action to combat climate change are marked by the growing presence of infra-state and non-state entities. It is in this context that the carbon market architecture of the Western Climate Initiative has emerged. It is embodied by a linking agreement signed in the fall of 2017 by California, Québec and Ontario. However, is the architecture offered in this agreement able to effectively provide the carbon market with the legal and institutional foundations necessary for its maturation and enable the achievement of its environmental and economic objectives? Written from a Québec perspective, this article aims at detailing the institutional functions of the linking agreement and at teasing out the legal issues raised by their implementation.
Keywords: Tarification du carbone au Québec, Western Climate Initiative, clubs de marchés du carbone, Accord de Paris, liaison du marché du carbone du Québec, enjeux de l'Entente de liaison, fonctions institutionnelles, portée juridique, Carbon pricing in Québec, Western Climate Initiative, carbon market clubs, Paris Accord, Québec carbon market linkage, linking agreement issues, institutional functions, legal scope
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3142.More information
The objective of this article is to better understand the workings of expertise by turning to history. To borrow David Kennedy's expression, how do “struggles of articulation” take place? How do some experts succeed in imposing their own vision of the world and in giving out solutions to respond to ongoing crises? To reflect on these questions, we will closely look at the legal-theological debates that took place at the turn of the sixteenth century on the legitimacy of the transatlantic slave trade. We will examine how the first members of the School of Salamanca—the very ones who are considered to be the “fathers of international law”—were able to place the slave trade in the perspective of an ethic or law of commerce.
Keywords: Expertise, histoire, esclavage, traite négrière, justification, École de Salamanque, Expertise, History, Slavery, Slave Trade, Justification, School of Salamanca
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3144.More information
This article presents the current state of relations between the WTO and the NGOs. Above all, it focuses on the Dispute Settlement Mechanism in environmental related cases, as these are a major token in the debates and trends towards a greater opening of the WTO to the NGOs. The article first highlights the claims of the NGOs and the conflict between free-trade and environmental interests. In a second instance, in order to fully understand the current relations between the WTO and the NGOs, it is then necessary to concentrate on their relation outside the Dispute Settlement Mechanism. Thirdly, the article focuses on the analysis of the progress achieved within the frame of the cases brought forward to the Dispute Settlement Body. An in-depth focus on the Turtles/Shrimps case and its consequences is required, as it became a conclusive turning point in the relations between the WTO and the NGOs. At last, several propositions of reforms to be undertaken at various levels within the WTO are suggested in order to improve and increase the relations between these actors.
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3147.More information
Based on the use of secondary data, this article assesses the management of the COVID-19 pandemic by the Cameroonian
government. This assessment spans from March 2020, the beginning of the pandemic in Cameroon, until the end of July 2020. The
timeframe under study is certainly short, but appears sufficiently lengthy to draw initial lessons learnt from the management of this pandemic.
We maintain that with the recurrence of natural and human disasters, and their effects on the populations' vulnerability, the Cameroonian
government should implement long-lasting measures to support affected populations, rather than act sporadically, as is the case presently.
Because while crises pass, their effects persist.
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3148.More information
Keywords: littérature autochtone francophone, études autochtones, éthique de la recherche, communautés autochtones
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3149.
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3150.More information
Keywords: Exil, Ben Jelloun Tahar, Errance, Zouari Fawzia, Migrance, Diome Fatou, Itinérance, Sédentarité, Ben Jelloun Tahar, Zouari Fawzia, Diome Fatou