Documents found
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3222.More information
Is « Base of the Pyramid » (BoP) the new Eldorado for companies or only « smoke and mirrors »? It is extremely challenging for companies to make profits through offering products and services to the world's poorest populations, while supposedly tackling social or environmental issues. This article nevertheless aims to show that companies need to push on their initiatives at the BoP. We propose solutions to get over economic, social and political obstacles facing companies' BoP initiatives and discuss the crucial role of these initiatives in terms of innovation and growth.
Keywords: Bas de la Pyramide, entreprises multinationales, éthique des affaires, ONGs, développement économique, Base of the Pyramid, MNEs, business ethics, NGOs, economic development, Base de la Pirámide, las empresas multinacionales, la ética empresarial, las ONG, el desarrollo económico
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3224.
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3225.
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3227.More information
What are the social and environmental effects of the multiplication of nature protection measures in the same area? Based on the ethnographic study of a fragile island territory (Lanzarote Island, Canary Islands, Spain), the diversity of its protected natural areas, its UNESCO listings (biosphere reserve and geopark) and local regulatory frameworks, this article shows the limited influence of environmental protection measures on the territory in a context characterized by political corruption and the high economic stakes of tourism. The superposition of heritage labels, far from leading to functional redundancies, or to synergies in the direction of sustainable development, produces in this context closing and competitive effects between heritage structures. A "brand" approach sometimes takes precedence over ecological issues that are well rooted in the history of the island of Lanzarote, but which are being eroded because they are not supported.
Keywords: aires naturelles protégées, politiques de la nature, insularité, Lanzarote, Canaries, Espagne, Unesco, géoparc, surprotection, réserve de biosphère, parc national, ONG, corruption, tourisme, écologie politique, natural protected areas, nature policies, insularity, Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain, Unesco, geopark, overprotection, biosphere reserve, national park, NGOs, corruption, tourism, political ecology
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3229.More information
Recently, international commercial law has been marked by an extraordinary fact, which was the negotiation and the extinction, almost in stealth of the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA). When negotiating the Agreement, the sponsors of the ACTA presented it as the right covenant to fight the exponential growth of counterfeiting goods in international business. Notwithstanding, ACTA raised up unprecedented controversy that led to its rejection by the European Parliament on July 4th 2012; instead, the United States that negotiated the ACTA in the form of a “Sole Executive Agreement” have never definitively ratified it. Does the rejection of the ACTA mean international commercial law will now lack safeguards against counterfeiting?This paper aims at examining the legal means, in international contract law, devoted to protect a buyer against the sale of counterfeiting goods that he reasonably thinks do not infringe any third party's intellectual property right, whereas the vendor of such goods knows they do. Drawing on the civil laws of Quebec and France is a mean to support the arguments set in this paper, because international law generally has its best field of expression in national area.
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3230.