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This article aims to understand the making of school exclusion by studying organizational social capital. It is based on an ethnographic case study that took place in a secondary school in a poor and multiethnic area in Montreal. The use of « school form » revealed how some practices that promote academic excellence and focus on school culture can create obstacles to inclusion, by re- producing a norm that contributes to exclude students in vulnerable situations.

Keywords: exclusion, inclusion, social capital, school practices, school form, exclusion, inclusion, capital social, pratiques scolaires, forme scolaire

This article analyzes what we interpret as a prison-abject (kyriarkal abject) present within Cette absence aveuglante de lumière (2001) by Tahar Ben Jelloun and “La femme en morceaux” (1997), a tale published in Oran, langue morte by Assia Djebar. We examine these two works of francophone literature under the ultra-contemporary theoretical paradigm of the kyriarkal system, which Behrouz Boochani and his translator, Omid Tofighian, respectively explore in their theoretical fiction (No Friend but the Mountains, 2018) and research. This theory allows us to question the relationship between the abject and the unspeakable, the contamination of the abject at a generic level in these works, as well as its spatio-temporal connotations in the works of Djebar and Ben Jelloun. Particular attention is paid to the manner in which the unspeakable functions in relation to the colonial language; the textuality of the abject—and the attempt to create a text-as- prison—as well as the ambiguous territory shared by the prison and the abject where being and non-being unite, and where the liminal space between subjectivity and alterity dominates.

In the last two decades many African states established science policy institutions inspired, directly or indirectly, by the promotional activities of UNESCO. This paper examines certain aspects of UNESCO's science policy assistance activities in Africa and describes the science policy devices that are proposed to African states inapproximately 45 mission reports. While the principal function of science policy is supposed to be to increase the utility of national scientific and technical resources, science policy assistance takes place within contexts that lend other kinds of significance to it. Three factors that have contributed to the expansion of UNESCO-promoted science policy bodies in Africa are discussed: entrepreneurial initiatives on the part of UNESCO, the volontarist-managerial approach to domestic political decision-making offered by the UNESCO science policy paradigm, and assistance relations between donors and African clients.

Mining activities contribute to soil and biodiversity destruction and Increase poverty especially in developing countries. Restoring a mine in all its aspects after exploitation is a requirement method for sustainable development. The main objective of this study is to restore the fertility of a quarry soil and animals diversity using free wastes. Results indicated that three classes of animals have visited composts piles. They are amphibians, arachnids and insects. Insects are more related to composts C1 (green wastes) and C2 (green wastes + food wastes) while C3 (green wastes + limestone and clay) and C4 (green wastes + food wastes + limestone and clay) attract more amphibians and arachnids. C2 compost pile was most visited by animals (43 % relative to the total individuals). Chemical analysis showed that composts C2 and C4 present the high levels of organic matter, nitrogen (1.20 % and 0.75 ms) and phosphorus (0.45 % and 0.38 ms) contents while composts C1 and C2 have the highest levels of potassium (0.48 % and 0.60 m.s.). Concerning composts effects on agronomics parameters of maize, plants cultivated on composts C1, C2 and C3 are the best. Composts C1, C2 and C4 will be used in restoration programs of Sika-kondji mining site.

Keywords: déchets, carrière, restauration, sol, faunes, Togo, wastes, quarry, restoration, soil, wildlife, Togo

The earthquake which struck Port-au-Prince on January 12th 2010, ravaged the town causing the death of 250,000 people, injuring close to a million and leaving hundreds of thousands homeless. The extent of the damage was essentially due to poverty but urban management choices also played a role, both factors causing the poorer segments of the population to relocate in shantytowns. A study of territorial management issues using Albert Otto Hirschman's Exit-Voice-Loyalty model makes comparatively better sense of the survivors' post-cataclysm strategies. The January 12th earthquake caused multiple crises, upsetting Haiti's environmental, healthcare, social, economic and political structures. As a result, attitudes, including spatial strategies, became considerably more individualized, with behavioral patterns ranging from withdrawal and relocation (Exit) to protests (Voice), reciprocated support (Loyalty) and Apathy.

Keywords: séisme, Port-au-Prince, crise, adaptation, mobilité résidentielle, trajectoire, earthquake, Port-au-Prince, crisis, adaptation, residential mobility, social trajectories

Local and regional authorities play an increasingly important role in implementing international development programs. As a result, international cooperation becomes a relevant mechanism/field for researchers and authorities who must generate knowledge to enhance the promotion of local development initiatives. This generation of knowledge is intended to help understand the issues and challenges of inter-national cooperation of local authorities in France and in Canada. To achieve this objective, we conducted a review of the cooperation practices found in various government documents and also analyzed articles and other scientific documents. From this analysis, it was found that in France and Canada, international cooperation of local authorities is not designated by the same concept, is not implemented with the same approaches but pursues the same objectives.