Search Results

AbstractABSTRACTEthnie power. Concept. Power Locations and Practices against thé State in African Modem/ty. Comparative Analysis of Mourides (Sénégal) and Luba (Congo-Zaïre)The many sided African crisis is above ail a crisis of the modem and exogenous State in so far as it conveys the individualisation process. When analysed from the point of view of endogenous practices and rationality. it reveals formalised practices and a local political culture. With colonisation these two elements, built one on the other. have promoted and reinforced the ethnie power. its organisational structures and practices. as a counter-power opposing the State in post-colonial society. The case studies of Mouride (Senegal) and Luba (Congo-Kinshasa) ethnie power show that the weberian model of the modem State is not a panacea and that the paradigm of "State-civil society" and its current conceptualisation both inhibate attempts to develop new approaches of the State as well as political and historical realities of Africa into a universal and global perspective.Key words : Biaya. ethnicity. counter-power, modem State, civil society. Mourides. Luba

This paper addresses issues of the link between economic performance, military spending and civil wars in a least developed country. To this end, I calibrate and estimate a reduced form of the general equilibrium model à la Romer-Taylor on Congolese data for the period 1988-2015. Results show a positive effect of military expenditure on economic performance and a negative relationship between civil wars and economic performance. Moreover, during years of civil wars, results of estimates predict that the effect of military expenditure on real output is negative and not statistically significant.

This paper empirically analyzes and evaluates the effect of the consequences linked to the existence of Central Africa's countries national borders on its internal trade. From the pseudo-maximum likelihood method, we estimate a theoretically grounded gravity equation. Ceteris paribus, on average from 1995 to 2010 in Central Africa, our results show that the bad quality of bilateral infrastructure, the small size of nations and wealth differences between pairs of countries, linked to the existence of national borders, reduce the bilateral trade respectively by 15%, 26% and 19%. They also show that these factors account for part of the level of border effect mentioned in the literature. These results are robust to the type of sector concerned, to diversification, to exchange rate volatility, to armed conflict and the change of distance measure.

In this retrospective I highlight the main stages in my career as an anthropologist since completing my doctoral studies at Yale University. I first tell how I found in anthropology the profession that would enable me to explore a question that I had as a child: what I might have become had I been born and raised in another environment, among “Others”? I then underscore how from beginning to end my career was enriched from my learning two indigenous languages, first in my fieldwork among the Wayuu of Columbia (September 1975 to December 1976), and then among the Dene Tha' of northwestern Alberta amongst whom I spent six months a year from 1980 to 1984. Learning the language brought me closer to Dene Tha' Elders and made possible my participation in their ceremonies which led me to write ethnographically in a way that contributed to the development of experiential anthropology. My numerous presentations and publications explore major themes in the field of indigenous studies: epistemology, ethics, methodology, ethnogenesis, rituals, shamanism, territorial claims, self-government, gender identities, conceptions of life and death, and reincarnation. In this career, I also describe what I learned from the Dene Tha' that guided me in significant initiatives in my role as Director of the Native Centre at the University of Calgary from 1988 à 1991, and as founding Dean of the Faculty of Human Sciences at Saint Paul University from 1997 to 2005.

Keywords: études autochtones, Wayuu, Dènè Tha', identités, anthropologie expérientielle, Indigenous studies, Wayuu, Dene Tha', identities, experiential anthropology, estudios indígenas, Wayuu, Dènès Tha', identidades, antropología experiencial

Creativity, in various forms, proves to be a crucial factor of development and performance of SMEs. It appears interesting to identify the processes of creativity in exacerbated contexts. One of these contexts is that of hypergrowth (HG) SMEs, in which the rhythm of development invites the company to exploit its resources in a permanent urgency. We privileged an organizational view of creativity in order to raise two questions : which are the conditions favoring creativity in HG SMEs ? Is creativity enough to generate, then to maintain rapid growth ? Data resulting from ten case studies, adding up 48 interviews are mobilized to answer these questions. A work of location in these talks of the principal terms related to creativity is carried out, supplemented by the examination of secondary sources which made it possible to know in-depth the studied cases. Two central results concerning creativity in HG SME are proposed : (1) The leader plays a central role to organize the conditions favoring creativity ; (2) Creativity is necessary, but nonsufficient. Hypergrowth requires creativity processes to be curbed by processes of stabilization/rationalization. Then, that hypergrowth is generated by the paradoxical management of the couple creativity-routine.

Keywords: Hypercroissance, PME, Créativité, Routine, Paradoxe, Hypergrowth, SMEs, Creativity, Routine, Paradox, Hiper-crecimiento, PyME, Creatividad, Rutina, Paradoja

The literature on the relations between Quebec and France frequently points to interpersonal problems between the individuals from these two societies – problems that manifest, for example, in Quebeckers referring to the French as the “maudit Français.” At the root of this malaise is a sentiment of distrust, purportedly long-standing, of French Quebeckers for the French. A previous study of ours confirmed the existence of this malaise through interviews effected among some 20 French management professionals living and working in Quebec in 2004. In this article, we explore this question with a survey conducted in 2009 with 930 French people living and working in Quebec. Our results indicate that the malaise is still strongly felt by a good proportion of individuals from this group. It appears that those who feel the malaise the strongest are those who came to Quebec mainly for work reasons, while those who came for the quality of life or the cultural experience feel it a lot less strongly.

Keywords: Français, Québécois, intégration, immigrants qualifiés, maudit Français, interculturel, french, Quebec, integration, qualified immigrants, maudit Français, intercultural

It is well documented that parental involvement in school has an impact on the school adjustment of the student. This study aims to determine to what extent parental involvement is positively associated with the performance and school engagement of students from immigrant backgrounds. The data were collected in five elementary schools located in disadvantaged areas of Montreal. A total of 296 students as well as their parents and their teachers participated in this longitudinal study. As the immigrant population is a heterogeneous group, we examined the differential association between parental involvement and school adjustment of students from three subgroups defined according to the region of birth of the parent (Canada, North Africa and the Caribbean). The results from the multi-group path analysis suggest that parents who are born in the Caribbean are different from the two other groups in that their frequent discussions about the school and homework supervision is associated with their child's lower academic achievement.

Keywords: réussite éducative, immigration, école primaire, implication parentale, collaboration école-famille, school achievement, immigration, elementary school, parental involvement, family-school partnership, éxito educativo, emigración, escuela primaria, implicación parental, colaboración escuela-familia

A better understanding of adjustment profiles in emerging immigrant adults (EIAs) would allow for more sensitive ways of providing for their needs and inclusion. Using a person-centred approach, our study aimed to identify psychosocial and academic adjustment profiles in EIAs while pinpointing the sociodemographic and interpersonal characteristics associated with each profile. A total of 704 EAIs in Quebec between the ages of 18 and 30 (49% women) completed a quantitative questionnaire. Latent profile analysis (LPA) and stepwise regression revealed three distinct patterns. The “adjusted” profile (63%) accounts for a larger share of men and of EIAs receiving high quality social support. The “vulnerable with normal anxiety levels” profile (28%) is more likely to be associated with EIAs who tend not to feel intimidated for religious reasons but who receive lower quality support from friends and family. Finally, women and EIAs living in precarious circumstances or experiencing religious harassment are more likely to be included in the “very high anxiety” profile, in contrast to youth receiving family support. Our analysis highlights diversity among EIAs and draws attention to those who experience high levels of distress despite functioning normally in an academic setting.

Keywords: emerging adults, jeunes adultes, immigrants, immigrants, adaptation scolaire, academic adjustment, psychosocial adjustment, adaptation psychosociale, Québec (Canada), Quebec (Canada)