Documents found
-
611.
-
612.More information
This process-sociological study compares developments since the 1880s, when in Dutch and American good societies, courtship activities were under strict parental control. It outlines the emancipation of younger people from parental dominance, via the dating system in the USA, in the Netherlands through verkering (an informalised ‘engagement'similar to ‘going steady'), and through the diffusion of parental policies of staying ‘in the scene'. From 1945 to 1965, as ‘going steady'increased in the USA, the two national trajectories converged. However, after the sexual revolution the traditional taboo on sex before marriage remained dominant in the USA, but it reduced dramatically in the Netherlands as Dutch parents increasingly allowed teenagers to have sex, even at home. Drawing from sexology research and his study of manners books, Wouters describes the two trajectories in the regulation of premarital sexuality and explains how they are connected to national differences in the regulation of social competition, the balances of power between classes, genders and generations, and levels of social integration.
Keywords: processus sociologique, sexualité avant le mariage, comparaison entre les États-Unis (le rendez-vous) et les Pays-Bas (sortir ensemble) depuis les années 1880, sexualisation, processus informel, process sociology, premarital sexuality, comparing the USA (dating) and the Netherlands (engagements) since the 1880s, sexualization, informalization, proceso sociológico, sexualidad antes del matrimonio, comparación entre Estados Unidos (la cita) y los Países Bajos (salir juntos) desde los años 1880, sexualización, proceso informal
-
613.
-
614.
-
615.More information
SUMMARYThis team of five philosophers analyses the 18th and 19th century Quebec discourse on the subject of insanity. The 18th century saw the insane excluded from social contact with the state recognizing only their indigence. They were relegated either to the "Loges", designed to expiate their sins since insanity was linked to an abuse of mind and body, or to prison for appropriate punishment, since madness was considered to lead to crime. But economic pressures produced by the growing number in indigents, including the mentally ill, led to the creation of the Beauport asylum in 1845. The authors then describe how the urban insane, marginal to both the French Canadian and English Canadian communities* were placed in private institutions and subjected to a system of profit maximization controlled by bourgeois physicians. This situation increased the distance between proprietors and occupants, and accounts for the lack of original discourse on the subject of insanity. In addition, the reasoning of the alienist physicians was without scientific foundation, taking root rather in the dominant industrial capitalist ideology. As for the content of the discourse, the Beauport physicians borrowed from moral treatment and restraint system notions, giving them a certain Quebec character.
-
616.
-
617.
-
619.More information
To meet the needs of adolescent sexual abuse perpetrators (A.S.A.P.), various treatments have been implemented in North America: introspection- or education- oriented group interventions, family interventions, cognitive behavioural therapies and relapse prevention strategies. No study has yet drawn the picture of actual practices in centers which, in Quebec, work with A.S.A.P. By means of individual interviews, all directors of these specialized treatment centres were met. More specifically, this paper aims: i) to identify the general tendencies, resemblances and differences emerging between the interventions proposed by nine treatment centers; ii) to understand what, according to the participants, specify the treatment for A.S.A.P. compared to the one proposed with the adults and iii) to compare the results according to the center who offers the services: “pedopsychiatric settings” versus “psychosocial or community settings”. It emerges from those interviews that the vast majority of actual programs are offered on an outpatient basis (or “external”). On the whole, the functioning of the nine treatment centers relies on small teams, among which are found a majority of sex therapists and psychologists. In the majority of cases, the initial reference process is guided by the two major laws for juveniles. In all treatment centers, various inventories and structured questionnaires were translated from English to French and are since then used with adolescents. Thereafter, although different exclusion criteria to each program exist, the youth is usually referred to a group or an individual intervention. Generally, interventions with parents are uncommon, despite the fact that all interviewees consider it should be a priority. Results allow concluding that Quebec interventions resemble other North American interventions, with the exception of the lesser importance given in Quebec to recidivism risk prediction or multisystemic interventions (or MST). Within Quebec's treatment centers, some differences also appear when adolescent psychiatric settings are compared to psychosocial intervention settings.
Keywords: adolescents agresseurs sexuels, évaluation, interventions, soutien aux parents, adolescent sex offenders, evaluation, intervention, parental support
-
620.More information
Even a summary and partial investigation of the immense literature that has been devoted to Michel Foucault reveals that it is largely based on a decontextualization of his work. In order to contextualize it, I will defend three arguments: 1) the rejection of “dialectical thought”, of which phenomenology is the most recent case according to Foucault, must be considered as structuring all his work, from Madness and civilization to The History of sexuality and to the 1979 course devoted to liberalism and neoliberalism. 2) This posture constitutes a position taken with regard to the principles that structure modernity. To dialectical thought, Foucault first opposes what he designates as the “thought from the outside” (“pensée du dehors”), which corresponds to what Hegel designated as “mere understanding” (“pensée de l'entendement”) in that it posits the existence of irreducible and unsurpassable oppositions. The paradigmatic example of what Hegel also designates as the thought of “either/or” is given from the start of Foucault's work: either unreason (of which madness is a case), or reason. What is therefore rejected is the possibility of a synthesis or a reconciliation between the contradictory elements which modernity inherits (for example between the idea of totality and that of freedom), which characterizes, according to Foucault, dialectical thought in its various versions, Hegelian, Marxian and phenomenological. 3) This stance on dialectical thought and modernity allows us to situate Foucault in the immediate context in which his work unfolded: firstly the critique of colonization, then “post ‘68 leftism”, and finally what we can designate as “post-leftism”. This contextualization sheds light at least in part on the reception to which it has been subjected.