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652.More information
This paper looks at the emergence of video game creation in Québec prior to the industrial boom and the popularization of independent games. Built from personal archives and oral history, the paper highlights two unknown personalities from the history of video games in Québec: Christian Boutin and I-Grec. These portraits contribute to diversify the “indie” narrative and reconsider it as part of a longer history.
Keywords: Histoire, Jeu vidéo, Québec, indépendant, partagiciel, Historie, video game, quebec, independant, shareware
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653.More information
This article proposes a description of children who present sexually problematic behaviour. Normal sexual development as well as the different clinical and developmental criteria distinguishing normal from problematic sexual behaviour are summarized. Following this review, the different classifications of children with sexually problematic behaviour that can help assess the nature of the sexual behaviours are discussed. A synthesis of the risk factors that have been used to explain children's sexual misconduct is then offered. Finally, this article underlines the limits of our present knowledge in relation to the various manifestations of sexual behaviour and the authors conclude on new directions in research.
Keywords: recension des écrits, sexualité, comportements sexuels problématiques, enfants, literature review, sexuality, sexually problematic behaviour, children
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654.More information
Child maltreatment, including sexual abuse, is among the factors associated with the development of sexual behavior problems (SBPs). Theoretical and empirical knowledge is putting greater emphasis on these factors in order to achieve a better understanding of the symptom change during treatment. The purpose of this study is to verify if the presence of maltreatment, whether experienced by the child or by his or her parent, can help predict the symptom change of children participating in the Intervention program for children displaying sexual behavior problems, which aims to reduce SBPs through the acquisition of personal, social, and family skills. In general, the results of this study indicate that the presence of maltreatment is not linked to the evolution of behavioral problems in children during treatment. However, the study also reveals the presence of predictive factors within specific intervention targets that point towards more positive results where maltreatment has been experienced by the children and mixed results where maltreatment has been experienced by a parent. If the Intervention Program appears to be entirely appropriate for its intended clientele, the results of this study indicate that certain changes should be considered to further take into account the needs of participating parents. As is the case for many studies in this field of research, this study has certain limitations, among them the small size of the sample and missing data. These limitations are to be taken into account when interpreting this study's results.
Keywords: comportements sexuels problématiques, programme d'intervention, facteurs prédictifs de l'évolution, mauvais traitements envers les enfants, violence conjugale, sexual behavior problems, intervention program, predictive factors of progress, child maltreatment, domestic violence
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658.More information
Objectives In synthesizing a homosexual or bisexual identity, an individual may go through different stages before coming to a positive healthy identity. It is likely that there will be a period in which homosexual yearnings will be unwanted. Sometimes this distress leads the person to consult a health professional. Conversion therapy has been proven both ineffective and harmful and therefore has been ethically prohibited by all major psychiatric and psychological associations. The responsible clinician will attempt to assist the individual in his acceptance of his sexual minority. Occasionally individuals without homoeroticism consult because of distress related to sexual identity questioning which poses a different problem for clinicians especially if the situation goes unrecognized. The objective of this paper is to describe homosexual obsessive compulsive disorder (HOCD) and distinguish it clinically from the normal process of sexual minority identity formation in western culture.Methods A literature review yielded very few descriptions of homosexual OCD. A retrospective chart review of all patients seen in the last 3 years at the McGill University Sexual Identity Centre was conducted to identify all the cases of OCD. Six cases were found, 4 of which were of HOCD and are presented. Similarities between cases are highlighted.Results All cases were young men with relatively little relationship and sexual experience. Most were rather shy and had some other obsessional history in the past though often at a sub-clinical threshold. Obsessional doubt about their orientation was very distressing and did not abate over time as would normally occur with a homoerotic individual. The four patients who had an obsession of being gay despite little or no homoerotism are presented in detail. They all presented mental compulsions, avoidance and physiological monitoring. Continuous internal debate trying to prove or disprove sexual orientation was a ubiquitous mental compulsion. They all spent a majority of time monitoring their physiological reactions to members of both sexes to check for arousal. They attempted homosexual activity and were disgusted by it, yet this did not end their questioning. They avoided relationships with the opposite sex, being either too anxious to initiate, or too conflicted to maintain them. The obsession with being gay seemed like a horrific thought symptomatic of homophobia, however the level of horror was out of proportion to the patient's overall level of homonegativity suggesting that the horror came mostly from feeling like their core identity was threatened.Conclusion HOCD can present in ways similar to normal homosexual identity formation. A thorough exploration of eroticism towards both sexes as well as prior history of subclinical anxiety should help distinguish the two. Treatment of HOCD should combine education about sexuality and OCD as well as usual OCD treatments such as relaxation techniques, cognitive restructuring, mindfulness training and pharmacology.
Keywords: homosexualité, trouble obsessionnel compulsif, identité, homophobie, obsession, homosexuality, obsessive compulsive disorder, identity, homophobia, obsession
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659.More information
This article raises the problem of the abject in Michel Houellebecq’s prose, as regards Polish and French scholarly reactions. We will endeavour to answer two main questions: why is Houellebecq’s prose considered as repulsive? Can the category of abject be useful for a writer, and if so, how? We distinguish and analyze four levels at which one can experience disgust while reading Houellebecq’s prose: the linguistic layer of the novels, the characters’ behaviour, the world created by the writer, and, finally, Houellebecq’s way of being in the public sphere. Our perspective is sociological and anthropological. We primarily look at the cultural framework in which Houellebecq’s works, the literary criticism, the writer’s voice and also the reader all function together.
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660.More information
The wastage of Canadian manpower due to venereal disease (VD) during World War II was an ongoing problem for the Canadian Army. Military authorities took both medical and disciplinary measures in attempt to reduce the number of soldiers that were kept from regular duties while under treatment. The study of the techniques employed to control sexual behaviour and infection places the Canadian Army in a new historical perspective as a modern institution which sought to establish medical surveillance and disciplinary control over soldiers' bodies. This study also explores Canadian soldiers' sexual behaviour overseas, showing their engagement in a broken system of regulated prostitution, and with European women who were coping with war's destabilization and strain by participating in the sex trade. Agents of the Canadian Army overseas extended their disciplinary and surveillance functions from soldiers to their sexual partners. VD rates were low when formations were in combat, but rose to alarming rates when they were out of the line, suggesting that individual agency and sexual choice trumped the efforts of modern discipline.