Documents found
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701.More information
This article examines the mobile and participatory aspects of rot hae รถ แห่, a musical performance on a moving vehicle, such as a truck or a cart. Despite its popularity, rot hae is criticized for instigating alcohol consumption and sexually provocative dance moves in public, particularly during Buddhist ordination parades. I argue that the mobility and participatory nature of rot hae performances allows it to challenge the established social order and their participants to seek otherwise prohibited sensual pleasures. Such encounters reveal the vernacular practices of Buddhism that cannot be easily mapped onto the sacred-secular dichotomy.
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702.More information
In this article we examine sentencing in 14 Ontario cases of possession of child pornography between 2007 and 2017 with the purpose of understanding the sentencing process in relation to the fundamental principle of proportionality and other principles employed to arrive at a fair, individualizing process as set out in Canadian sentencing law. In all cases the offenders are charged with possession only and have no prior offences. We situate these cases within the context of sentencing reform in general and child pornography law specifically, including the evolution of mandatory minimums, as they have evolved in both legislation and case law. Our cases cover two periods of mandatory minimums, 45 days and six months. Although we consider numerical sentences, probation and ancillary conditions awarded when examining our cases, we are interested in the process of determining the sentencing components. We analyse this process in two ways: by observing the judicial reasoning in calculating the seriousness of the crime and the blameworthiness of the offender and the balancing of other purposes and principles, particularly rehabilitation and parity; and, by considering three pairings of cases, each with similar quantity and quality of images, to compare the calculation of risk and its effect on determining the blameworthiness of the particular offender. Our findings reveal a polarization in judicial reasoning between a punitive process in which overemphasis of denunciation and deterrence and extreme versions of the reasoned apprehension of harm add weight to the seriousness of the crime on a par with contact abuse, and a more tempered and restrained one in which possession is considered on its own and other purposes and principles are weighed, such as rehabilitation and parity, to arrive at a more individualizing process. Mandatory minimums are no constraint as sentencing is much lengthier, especially under the 45-day mandatory minimum. In pairing like cases in terms of collections of images and videos we find a very subjective process in the calculating of risk in which like offenders are treated differently in terms of assessments of blameworthiness, based on questionable forensic methods and assumptions. Finally, we note the resources involved in investigative time, incarceration and the supervising of probation as well as lengthy ancillary conditions that may last decades after sentencing.
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703.More information
SummaryParadoxically, if the ideal of communication has been one of the most important generator as well as a major by-product of the United States' history, as American media get more and more sophisticated and spued over the world, such an ideal is thrown away, joepardized, denounced, and sometimes, hijacked by Third World countries in order to fulfill their own ideological purposes. In industrialized as well as rapidly developing societies in Europe and Asia, this American ideology of communication is astutely salvaged as contextual information for decision making by strategists involved against the United States on the international economic scene.
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704.More information
AbstractThe author first outlines the problems of Woman's Liberation and gives us the doctrine of Marx and Engels on this subject. In the second part, the author studies the evolution of the situation of women in the U.S.S.R. from the Revolution to the present day. He analyses certain contradictions in Soviet society, and then focuses his analysis on the problems of employment, income and educational opportunities. He also deals with the problem of sexual freedom and the limitations imposed upon it. Finally, he examines the role of the woman in political and social domains, and attempts to show that this may be the consequence of the present day situation of women in the Soviet Union. The article is based on Soviet publications and documents.
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