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In this case study we examine the social action, which precedes the formal process of creating criminal law, and more specifically the traces it leaves on the heels criminal procedural reform. Our study focuses on the requests to reform the Criminal Code, submitted by social groups to the Canadian Minister of Justice, during the first 35 years of the Criminal Code's existence. The analysis clearly takes into account who asked what and why, yet in the face of demands to reform, it ultimately seeks to problematize the rationality generated by the political system to choose one argument over another, to exclude one in favour of another, to distinguish which one “merits” statutory recognition and which does not. Our goal is to describe the process of criminal law reform by creating a framework for the relationship between the social production of normative expectations and the formal selection of some of these by the political system.

Keywords: Réforme du droit, procédure criminelle, création sociale d'expectatives normatives, évolution du droit, Reform law, criminal procedure, social creation of normative expectations, evolution of law

With the help of a professional autobiography of sixty years of research in adult continuing education, the article explains the references that have philosophically anchored the construction of a “rhythm-formative” problem of adult learning, throughout and in all sectors of life. This construction took place over three transatlantic periods : an initial period in Europe (1959-1969) of entry into adult life (20-30 years) in a laborious research-training on the meaning to life ; a second in Quebec (1969-1985) of design, construction and conduct of research programs in continuing education at the Faculty of Continuing Education of the University of Montreal (30-45 years) ; and finally a third, as professor-researcher at the University of Tours (1985-2007), in co-creation of diplomas and university research-training groups for adults (45-67 years). Two preschool philosophical anchors – Plato's cave and Rousseau's Émile – and a post-school and transdisciplinary anchoring of a systemic dialectical epistemology, appear to gradually contribute in a dominant way to the conceptualization of a “rhythm-formative” approach to the course of adult life, in two stages (experiential/formal) and three movements (auto, socio and ecoformation).

The protected areas are increasingly regarded as open and dynamic social-ecological systems that interact with their environment. Within this context, we focus on Nature Reserves, one of the main French conservation tools. The Nature Reserve of France Association (RNF in French) coordinates Nature Reserves' managers. RNF is at once a national network of protected natural areas, an information centre that focuses on the sharing of managers' professional experiences and also a dedicated lobbying agency. RNF occupies today a key place in the institutional scene of Nature protection in France. In this paper we present the evolution of RNF over the last thirty years, the social mechanisms of its construction, the frontiers that limit its actions. The analysis of the emergence in this network of the themes linked to the sustainable development of territories highlighted institutional, organizational, cultural and strategic issues at stake. We argue the thesis of an unfinished institutionalization symbolized by the partial substitution of the protectionist cliché by the new super-cliché of integrated conservation. We conclude by identifying the issues of changes of the network members' composition, especially the local governance excesses' risks related to any decentralization process and the crucial issue of inter-networks cooperation.

Keywords: réserves naturelles de France, protection de la nature, institutionnalisation, développement durable, territoire, discours, organisation, réseau, stratégie, nature reserve, France, nature protection, institutionalization, sustainable development, territory, discourse, organization, network, strategy

If ICTs have raised great hopes, it is not because they offer any magic formula. To obtain real profit from these new technologies, it is necessary to have as realistic a vision as possible of their potential benefits and drawbacks. Indeed, they force us to consider cultural and ethical issues even more closely. Evils and their remedies are to be found in culture itself.

Bruno Diehl and Gérard Doublet describe the managerial failure of France Télécom from an insider's point of view. Under Michel Bon, a remarkable transformation lead the former state owned company to deliver strong results as a private corporation. But the dotcom vertigo left France Télécom with almost 100 M$ in debt after the Orange LBO. From 2002 on, two different CEOs resumed any kind of human resource strategy. Their objective was to back the stock's value and the free cash flow. A number of procedures were adopted to increase the number of workers and engineers who would quit. But the stress became so intense that dozens among them were driven to commit suicide, thus revealing to the public that the Board and the managers had lost control over the situation. After many years of harassment, how to return to a sound human resource management? This is the true challenge for the new CEO, Stéphane Richard.

Collaboration between the school and the family is increasingly favored as a means to promote school achievement and perseverance. This is based among other things on a sharing of responsibilities between parents and teachers. The objectives of this paper are to (1) propose a model integrating various factors and processes of school-family relationships; (2) identify facilitating conditions and restrictive conditions that help or hinder the development of collaborating school-family relationships; and (3) identify elements of an ethical framework to guide parents and teachers in relation to the understanding and exercise of their role respectively. This article refers to both literature reviews, reports and results of studies that we conducted, as well as studies conducted by international leaders in the past 15 years. Then, drawing on the anthropological model of Human development and Disability Creation Process (Fougeyrollas, Bergeron, Cloutier, Côté, & St-Michel, 1998), we illustrate the dynamics of interactions between, on the one hand, factors associated with youngsters, parents and families, and school and teachers, and on the other hand, school and family processes in the development of school-family relationships. The importance of parents’ and teachers’ role comprehension is put forward. Finally, using ethical frameworks, we set some benchmarks to pinpoint required competencies and the values and principles that underlie them. Challenges facing teachers and professionals are numerous and ethical professional conducts are an imperative in the field of education.

Keywords: collaboration école-famille, facteurs, processus, responsabilités parentales et professionnelles, conduite éthique, school-family collaboration, factors, processes, parental and professional responsibilities, ethical conducts

RÉSUMÉ: Les produits agroalimentaires de qualité spécifique connaissent un engouement croissant depuis le début des années 1990. Au Québec, alors que des entreprises fabriquant de tels produits tentent de se démarquer sur le marché pour survivre et se développer, le gouvernement les considère comme des outils de développement pour dynamiser les milieux ruraux. La qualité se trouve au cæur de ces enjeux, mais comment est-elle définie et mise en valeur? L'objectif de la recherche est d'apporter un éclairage nouveau à la notion de qualité au Québec en étudiant la perception, la construction et la régulation de la qualité auprès de huit entrepreneurs fromagers situés dans les régions du Bas-Saint-Laurent et de Chaudière-Appalaches. L'analyse stratégique de Michel Crozier et Enhard Friedberg a permis de documenter les …