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Keywords: management territorial, site culturel, parties prenantes, réforme territoriale.

AbstractThis article presents the results of an analysis of the Environmental Training-Information Programme (ETIP) in Senegal between 1990 and 2001, from the perspective of its contribution to social connections. It is based on a case study that was done as part of a doctoral thesis. An analysis of the data shows that this program, without creating a radical rupture from traditional social equilibrium, acted as an important catalyst for the transformation of social connections within and around the school. The principle changes that were observed deal with the following aspects: the recognition of the social role and the status and of children, the emergence of a new collegiality between the school actors and the construction of a new school-community partnership. This study leads to the conclusion that the ETIP made a substantial contribution to the transformation of social connections in Senegal. However, the permanence of this change will largely depend on the forms that environmental education will take following the curriculum reform now in progress in Senegal elementary schools.

This paper aims to analyze the decision process approaches implemented in a complex system, by focusing on the development of new public policies. Individual interviews were conducted with forty policy makers, as part of an experimentation about the intellectual property system. The results show that, in this system, the policy makers rely on decision process approaches that are consistent with the models of disjointed or logical incrementalism. Besides, these process approaches can vary on three aspects : the presence or not of external diplomatic activities, the use or not of decision cases considered similar, the nature of objectives pursued.

Keywords: Décision, incrémentalisme, rationalité, complexité, propriété intellectuelle, decision, incrementalism, rationality, complexity, intellectual property, decisión, incrementalismo, racionalidad, complejidad, propiedad intelectual

AbstractAre the administrative sciences anti-freedom? A relevant question in our emphatically modern world, seemingly ruled by a transcendent determinism. Yet the modern era promised not only science but freedom. Starting from these ideas, we are proposing a parallel dialectic on freedom that runs contrary to the supposed rift between rationalization as the enemy of freedom and emancipation as a quest for freedom. We will show that administrative sciences and concrete management have something in common: the technique that implies a dialectic of freedom.

Keywords: gestion, modernité, rationalisation, émancipation, dialectique, technique, management, modernity, rationalization, emancipation, dialectic, technique, gestión, modernidad, racionalización, emancipación, dialéctica, técnica

In the area of teaching sciences, the authors study the space given to the collaboration concept in order to enlighten the co-production and practices management processes in the area of change conduct and support, especially when these practices are hold by research-intervention. Base on the analysis of a common work dedicated to the change conduct and support, the authors situate the idea of collaboration in the theoretical object formulation of the “change conduct and support” and clarify its place and role among the terms and conditions of research-intervention implemented.

Keywords: Recherche-Intervention (RI), Collaboration, Changement, Conduite et accompagnement, Éducation, Research-intervention (RI), collaboration, change, conduct and support, teaching

This paper seeks to capture how unions are perceived by young workers in Portugal and to identify different types of perceptions. Our analysis considers both structural factors and subjective experiences and is based on semi-structured interviews with young people working in sectors with a high concentration of youth employment. The fact that young workers are increasingly exposed to the pressures of unemployment and precarious work might suggest that there is homogeneity in their perceptions about trade unions and collective action. However, our results show that young workers' perceptions are not homogenous and that they interconnect with distinct segments, characterized by different socio-economic conditions, as defined by family status, education level and position in the labour market. Three types of perceptions were identified by content analysis of the interviews: positive, negative and critical perceptions. A final segment of younger and less-skilled workers, of families with low educational and economic resources and having left school prematurely, have neither information nor any understanding about unions.Our findings support the thesis that diversity of educational and early labour market experiences, which characterize transition processes to adulthood, shape the relation between young workers and unions, in particular the motivation to join unions. Capturing the diversity of young workers experiences and perceptions is a challenge to industrial relations research, as well as to trade unionism. It can provide unions with important insights into how to adapt their strategies to recruit new young members and to mobilize the latent interests of young workers in collective action.

Keywords: perception, unionism, precariousness, young workers, Portugal, perception, syndicalisme, précarité, jeunes travailleurs, Portugal, percepción, sindicalismo, precariedad, jóvenes trabajadores, Portugal

This paper analyzes the construction of a public transport policy on an agglomeration scale through the case study of Lyon, France. Its metropolitan government structure evaded the problem of serving large social housing areas. The founding sequence of Lyon's intercommunality sheds light on the politicization of « communautés urbaines » observed during their first decade of existence in France.

Keywords: Élus locaux, intercommunalité, banlieues populaires, enclavement, politiques de transport, représentation des intérêts sociaux, Urban government, local governance, urban transportation policies, social housing neighborhood, municipality

Revelations of sexual assaults in religious movements have intensified in recent years and alternative responses to traditional justice have been developed to provide solutions tailored to victims. Few articles, however, have dealt with sexual assault in non-Catholic religious groups. Our exploratory and qualitative paper sheds light on the Takana forum, a uniquely structured alternative justice movement whose primary motivation is to combat sexual assault within a Jewish community – the national-religious movement in Israel. The Takana forum includes influential individuals in Israeli communities, such as eminent rabbis, jurists, education experts, and specialists in therapeutic care. Members consider their participation in the Forum to be a religious duty based on the biblical precept of “saving the oppressed from the oppressor.” Using material from interviews with members of the Forum, we discuss several themes, including the extrajudicial treatment of sexual assault adapted to religious and community sensitivities, which could fill a gap in the judicial system ; the therapeutic function of religion ; and the views of members on the reach and output of the Forum. We highlight Takana's strengths and weaknesses, including its lack of transparency and a flexible attitude toward justice that could undermine the rights of individuals. Finally, we consider Takana's potential.

Keywords: Alternative à la justice pénale, participation des victimes, agressions sexuelles, religion, Alternatives to criminal justice, victims' participation, sexual abuse, religion, alternativas a la justicia penal, participación de las víctimas, agresiones sexuales, religión

This article presents the issues arising from the debates on teacher training faced with the problem of interdisciplinarity since the 1970s in France. This contribution focuses on the process of anchoring interdisciplinarity in teacher training. This is corresponding to the impetus of the Amiens conference and the creation of the 10% educational system (1973-1974), then the establishment of the University Institute for Teacher Training (1989) and finally the creation of the Higher School of Teaching and Education (2013). This evolution of the position and status of teachers within French schools makes the practice of the profession much more complex to understand. A high level of skills is now essential for him to consider the multiplicity of disciplinary.

Keywords: Approche interdisciplinaire, formation des enseignants, politique éducative, innovation pédagogique, échec scolaire, Interdisciplinary approach, teacher training, educational policies, educational innovation, school failure