Documents found
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301.More information
AbstractThe climate change conference in Bali enabled parties to agree on a negotiation process so as to reach a new international agreement by the end of 2009, which is intended to follow the Kyoto Protocol. If the definition of objectives is necessary, no response will be efficient unless the scope of the new document is enlarged and « key » States take part in it. The post-Kyoto regime will have to provide new mechanisms as well as consolidate the systems set up by the actual framework. The unwillingness of some States to accept binding obligations and the interdependence of actions to be conducted both require an enhancement of the coordination and of the cooperation of the international actors.
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SummarySociologists are not yet very familiar with participating in public administration. After the brilliant work of Tocqueville and Weber, contemporary sociologists have been slow to study public bureaucracies. They are now beginning to enter the field, but in a way that is still incoherent and fragmentary. If the study of public bureaucracy presents them little in the way of intellectual challenge, participation in the internal life of the civil service has been a more serious challenge. However, it is in participating in the exercise of political power itself that the sociologist finds himself particularly unprepared. Power is exercised by means of applying norms, a practice for which the sociologist has little preparation. He particularly lacks a framework for the systematic and critical analysis of law, which he must acquire if he is to meet jurists and other administrators on an equal footing.
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Traditionally, the linkages between psychiatry and law have arisen through necessity and a need for complementarity. However, since the mid-twentieth century, the foundations of political governance and of the legal system have undergone profound transformations. How can one reconcile the bedrock of the legal system which focuses on the rights of persons with preventive measures relating to the management of psychiatric risks and which, by their very nature, are inevitably detrimental to fundamental rights?
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310.More information
Guy Bajoit is one of the sociologists who very early on saw the benefit of introducing the concept of relation into the modeling of a society. In doing so, he opened avenues of reflection that pushed sociology to move away from the sterile quarrels between individualism and structuralism. His desire to construct a general theory of societies pushed him towards a welcome, enriching synthesis. However, we can think that this construction is not sufficient to grasp at least in part the complexity of the world. As a humanist, Bajoit is interested in human beings, but he makes them the center of his model. This position limits the scope of its construction. His general theory, although enlightening in the most widespread paradigm of our days, slides towards an interactionism where it is necessarily the individuals who are in relationship, between themselves or between themselves and others, living or inanimate. This article attempts to show that contemporary sociology must make an epistemic leap by modeling through relationships. Such modeling assumes that various categories are analyzed, not in themselves, but through their relationships. The GIP model (Goods, Ideas, People) of Laflamme or the RISE model (Relation, Individual, System, Event) of Vautier, taking a trialectic form (three integrated dialectical relationships), make it possible to achieve this objective.
Keywords: Relation, relation empirique, relation analytique, relation épistémologique, concept, conceptualisation, connaissance scientifique, construction du monde, modèle, modèle relationnel, modèle trialectique, anthropocentrisme, montée en abstraction, saut épistémique, nouveau paradigme, reliance généralisée, Guy Bajoit, Simon Laflamme, Relationship, Empirical Relation, Analytical Relation, Epistemological Relation, Concept, Conceptualization, Scientific Knowledge, Construction of the World, Model, Relational Model, Trialectic Model, Anthropocentrism, Rise in Abstraction, Epistemic Leap, New Paradigm, Generalized Reliance, Guy Bajoit, Simon Laflamme