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A study of the decisions that led to the creation of a national nuclear fusion program in Canada and to the construction of a magnetic confinement device of the Tokamak type in Varennes suggests that the final result is not compatible with the theory of rational choice. Rather, it is the contingent product of a temporal dynamic involving actors with divergent interests who knew how to adapt themselves to a variable environment. An analysis of the strategies of the parties underlines the fact that those who attained their objectives had to adapt their discourse and assure themselves of supporters at certain key moments. From this point of view, politics, technology or any other social or economic variables constitute not only constraints, but also resources put to use by the participants to pursue their goals.

Following major structural changes, actors in industrial organizations are now frequently observed to adopt an approach of dialogue and partnership. Using the theory of the network-actor as a basis, this article presents the paths followed by agents in a network of innovation with respect to the rules of operation of a manufacturing enterprise, as well as the interplay of labour and management agents within it. However, the process runs up against organizational and institutional constraints which mark the boundaries of innovation and limit its scope.

In a context where the idea of participative democracy is being raised to the rank of “new paradigm of public action”, we are witnessing the exacerbation of the representative government's authoritarian tendencies, which can be observed through, for example, the actual trend of criminalization of collective action and the trivialization of the state of emergency. Rather than viewing this as a contradiction between a “participative” discourse and authoritarian practices, this article seeks to demonstrate how the contemporary criminalization of social protest finds its possibility conditions within the “participation discourse” itself, as well as through the practices and social and political institutions which are related to it. By analyzing four types of legitimation of massive and systemic repression of collective actions in the Americas (Quebec, Chile, Ecuador, Venezuela), this text highlights how the exercise of fundamental rights (such as those of association, expression and assembly) is considered a threat to “democracy” in the name of consensus supposedly attained within “deliberative” (consultative) forums organized by the authority in place and within which this authority preserves its prerogatives for the “qualification” of participants and especially for the “decision”. Results a fight for the meaning between two conceptions and practices of participation: one “consensual” and contained, and the other “wild” or transgressive. In order to illustrate this wild conception (non-domesticated) of democracy and participation, this text is based upon “narratives” from anonymous participants of transgressive dissenting actions that happened in the Americas during the last quarter century. This analysis of two conceptions and practices of citizen participation tends to demonstrate that, far from representing a danger for democracy, transgressive participation constitutes its dynamic principle.

Although the general principles of the flood prevention policy in France seem to be broadly accepted, the performance of the systems in place is often disappointing. We put forward the hypothesis that this operational inefficiency is partially explained by the presence, amidst a robust and uncontested flood prevention policy, of unmovable areas of potential conceptual debates unconsciously hidden. Any innovative idea must be buttressed by a broad enough expertise to validate its compatibility with the existing doctrine whilst assuring technical compatibility with it. The analyse of what happened in the case of hydrogeomorphology, shows the success of a strategy used to facilitate the incorporation of a naturalist technical method into a body of doctrine solidly anchored in an culture of science and engineering but also inhibiting any potential theoretical developments which could have, trough discourse, given impetus to the development of the theoretical aspects of natural disaster prevention in France. Paradoxically, the felicitous conditions at the emergence of hydrogeomorphology are not present anymore despite the increased volume of reflexion generated by the application of the Directive 2007/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on the assessment and management of flood risks.

Keywords: Modélisation, hydrogéomorphologie, responsabilité, aléa-centré, enjeux-centré, Modeling, hydrogeomorphology, responsibility, hazard-centered, issues-centered

Building on the works of Jacques Dubois ((L'Institution de la littérature, 1978) and of Bernard Mouralis (Les Contre-littératures, 1975), this article presents a typology of production located outside the publishing institution. This dynamic model is concerned with publishing production in a dual sense: it is as much a matter of taking production conditions into consideration as it is of considering the type of product, aspects that are connected by a large number of reciprocal determining factors: one could admit, in effect, that the personal journal is somewhat more the product of a domestic framework, while the thesis, the accordion book and the anti-capitalist tract are partial to other environments. After having isolated production relative to “grey literature” and to certain “professional spheres,” as well as “domestic writing” and “creative pastimes,” the model outlines four specific spaces: “unbound publishing” (pirating and counterfeiting, clandestine publishing, pamphlets and zines), “parallel publishing” (self-publication, vanity publishing, self-publishing), cutting-edge publishing (artist publishing, book as object publishing, publishing in context), and “banned publishing.” Each of these “outsider” worlds, to borrow from Howard S. Becker, represents a specific type of transgression with regards to the conventions of the publishing institution. In order to provide an objective foundation for this categorization, the “institutional standard” has been formalized using criteria put in place by the official authorities who assist publishing (Centre national du livre en France, Promotion des Lettres en Belgique). In this way, it seems that unbound, parallel, cutting-edge and banned publishing, respectively, are closely connected to judicial, economic, commercial and publication breaches.

The purpose of this article is to analyse the ideological foundations underlying present day globalization discourse and to shed light on some of their latent meanings. The main perspectives of globalization suggest certain sociohistorical tendencies which mil be analysed by way of four theoretical frameworks. Our own acceptation of globalizing phenomena proposes an historical perspective whose objective has been the analysis of a tendency which considers globalization in terms of the recurring accumulation of international economic exchange flow centered around constantly renewed goods. The liberal current focuses on, and seeks to interpret the meaning of novel managerial dynamics in which are lodged interactions between business and the State. The sociological perspective is concerned with the social beginnings of the economic phenomena subsumed in the two preceding trends in order to situate them as a consequence of the agent's individual and collective reflexive processes. Finally, our theorizing process includes a critical dimension which means to evaluate the scope attained by globalization discourse as affected by other thought currents and seeks to relativize its already excessive propensity to create norms. In the end we propose a framework allowing for the centering of the analysis of these debates stemming first from two philosophical doctrines, and second, from two more pragmatic attitudes.

The purpose of this exploratory research is to understand how the relational structure of CSR network broadcasters in Tunisia is organized, by showing which organizations is composed the CSR network, what are their respective roles, their relations and how does this network work. Anchored in interpretativisme, this qualitative research generated an empirical contribution through both theoretical and concrete proposals for the attention of various stakeholders in organizations interested in the modalities the CSR strategy and dissemination modalities of CSR.

Keywords: RSE, réseau, ordre local, acteur tiers, CSR, networks, local order, third party actor, RSE, red, orden local, actor tercero