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The purpose of this research is to establish a competencies profile of managers in the public sector, a sector that is not generally focused on competencies approaches. Nevertheless, these could largely, on the one hand, promote modernization of public practices of human resource management and, on the other hand, support them in their relation with the public strategies and the public administration model. The results of this study, realized in Tunisia, show a tension between competencies that we can describe as bureaucratic, with a trend towards vertical relations and compliance with administrative procedures, and other that we can describe as managerial competencies (leadership, communication, vision, management of public policies, etc.). These results indicate that the Tunisian public administration is running toward a new weberian state by trying to reinvent bureaucratic model through adapting it to the challenges of the new public management (Fabian, 2010).

Keywords: compétences, référentiel des compétences, gestionnaires publics tunisiens, modèles de l'administration publique, competencies, competency model, Tunisian public managers, public administration, competencias, modelo de competencias, gestores públicos tunecinos, administradores públicos tunecinos, administración pública

Based on the theoretical framework of negotiated culture, the present investigation puts the focus on the importance of regional linguistic cultures for the construction of working cultures. Carried out in Swiss subsidiaries of a French multinational corporation (MNC), the case study provides insight into different kinds of challenges and issues linked to language. Language is often considered a sign of cultural proximity and a facilitator for the transfer of management practices in the MNC. Yet, in a French-Swiss context, language appears to be at the heart of a set of power capabilities that are linked to resources, processes and significations.

Keywords: Culture négociée, Culture régionale, Culture nationale, Culture organisationnelle, Langue, Entreprise multinationale, Suisse, Negotiated culture, regional culture, national culture, organisational culture, language, multinational corporation, Switzerland, Cultura negociada, Cultura regional, Cultura national, Cultura institucional, Idioma, Empresa multinacional, Suiza

This study was conducted in a Tunisian context with the aim of understanding the role that the union and the works council can play in the process of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Three companies were studied by means of an interpretive epistemological approach and qualitative methodology. To carry out this comprehensive research, data were collected from three sources : field notes ; semi-structured interviews ; and the company's CSR reports. The main results show differences from one case to another in (1) CSR types, (2) CSR commitment reasons and (3) types of regulation. The type of regulation depended on the rule governing the mode of CSR practice and management. The results allow us to conclude that, in all cases, the union and the works council are an essential stakeholder in CSR through their mobilizing capacity and the various types of regulation that strengthen or weaken the CSR process. Social dialogue appears as a powerful lever to legitimize and develop CSR practices through joint collective action. As a CSR tool that is both robust and pragmatic, social dialogue regulates the process and reifies the actor's aspirations around this construct (CSR).

Keywords: Syndicat, Comité d'entreprise, Dialogue social, Types de RSE, Régulation, union, works council, social dialogue, CSR types, regulation

This article examines the permanent dialectic between the social dynamics and sociocultural community development in Tunisia. It also accentuates the strong correlation between the practices of sociocultural community development and its institutions as well as the fast changes affecting the Tunisian society. The current social transformation in Tunisia passes by a phase of transition to draw up a new societal project. The latter is asserted by different attitudes according to the actors, so giving multiple directions to the transition process among which some qualify themselves as being positive because they opt for the construction (new constitution, medias and judicial system, elections and transitional justice) and others as being negative aiming towards the demolition and the chaos. The latter are motivated by individual interests and by right and left ideologies (social and political violence, addiction, illegal immigration and individual and organized criminality). Questions that arise then are: how reacted the sector of the sociocultural community development in Tunisia towards this reality and towards these facts? Will the social and cultural activities stay out of this dynamics? How position oneself as one of the strategic actors for the social reconfiguration and the reconstruction of the social links?

Keywords: animación, sociocultural community development, animation, social change, changement social, cambio social, Tunisia, Túnez, Tunisie

AbstractThe " Good Reasons " to GiveFor many years the well-known sociologist Raymond Boudon has suggested the widening of the methodological individualism paradigm so that it can be applied to social phenomena which do not obey an instrumental rationality. In this article we attempt to understand the gift relationship within the framework of that paradigm. Our provisional conclusion is that although methodological individualism is useful to an understanding of the gift-giving phenomena, it has important limitations.