Documents found
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161.More information
Les transformations récentes des environnements politiques et économiques dans le monde entier ont entraîné de vastes changements dans les droits de propriété pastoraux et les régimes fonciers, ainsi que dans la manière dont les éleveurs gèrent leurs terres. Les pâturages de Chine sont l'une des plus grandes régions pastorales à avoir connu une réforme importante et relativement cohérente de leurs systèmes fonciers. Les zones de pâturage, qui ont longtemps été détenues par la communauté et gérées collectivement, ont été privatisées entre la fin des années 1980 et le début des années 2000. En tant que sous-produit de cette privatisation, des marchés de location de terres ont émergé et se sont développés en Mongolie intérieure au cours de la dernière décennie. Cependant, on sait peu de …
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AbstractIn the last years already, the demographic trend in our post-industrial societies reveals that senior citizens are occupying an increasingly important weight within the society. However, this weight is inversely proportional to the place and role that the society recognizes for them. Considered as elderly, retired and old, senior citizens are excluded or feel excluded from the information society's social challenges. The persistent bias to the effect that these persons do not know how to use the information and communication technologies (ICTs) appears to be unfounded. In fact, the three-year research has allowed us to discover a new elderly type that we call the “new-old.” They are a connected population who uses ICTs, and Internet in particular, in a way that is opposite to the usual bias entertained about them. They make up a population group involved in the society as well as in the family cell, since their use of ICTs allows for a greater mobility that reconciles their individual needs and their desire to involve themselves in the citizen's space, and on the other hand, to entertain an intergeneration relation that favours value transfers. In this way, and in taking up the following three thematics, exclusion, family commitment and social commitment, we will demonstrate that senior citizens use the ICTs to deliberately enter the information society.
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After reminding readers that the act of speaking is highly conditioned by the first two levels of organization (individuals are given unequal portions of linguistic ability—as is true of talents—and language development occurs in a variety of social settings, which are often unequal as well) this article, which focuses on language and the conditions that help to keep it alive in a minority setting, begins by encouraging readers to align thought and action. To combat ignorance, defeatist attitudes, and naïve thinking, the article argues in favour of adopting an empowered stance as a devenir-sujet (a projection of self into an imaginable and realizable future), a precondition to acquiring a sense of dignity. It then goes on to address various dimensions of language and culture—namely, a sense of absence that comes with living in a minority setting, but also the search for meaning (who are we and why do we act the way we do?); identity (language and culture are first and foremost a process of identity-building resulting from “acting together“ and the application of what it means to be part of that language and culture—and not simply adherence to a tradition), and finally, belonging (how do we achieve equality while at once respecting the uniqueness of each individual and collaborating in building a socially defined sense of belonging?). But this voluntary act of building is not sufficient in and of itself; it must be able to rely on strong laws, institutions invested with the authority to exercise their mandate, and highly motivated individuals. From a pedagogical point of view, this act of building can be helped along by establishing conditions such as enacting true-to-life situations, initiating a process of “working together,“ setting up a cultural project, and establishing a community of learning. More fundamentally, action principles such as the right to be oneself, a sense of order and competency, a sense of self-esteem at the basis of identity, learning based on doing, appropriate teacher training, and an overall educational project, must inform discussions on our vision for the future of francophone education in a minority setting, because the vitality of a language and a culture is conditional upon implementation of these action principles. The article concludes with an anecdote that is at once personal and symbolic and that calls to question the practices of official bilingualism in Canada along with the limitations of these practices and their effect on the validity of a language.
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Chinese documentary cinema and the policies under which it operates have not benefited from the currents of intelectual liberalism associated with recent policies of reform and openness. A quantitative analysis of 1990 documentary productions reveals the priorities of the Bureau of Cinema, and then a brief analysis of a few films highlights the characteristics of the genre as practised by the "bureaucrats" of Chinese cinema. While it is clear that reform and openness have led to a diversification fo tendencies in fiction films, in documentaries it has actually resulted in the consolidation of the idea that films should be edifying. As a result, what future generations will inherit is a watered-down image of an idealized China.
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To the French military, still recovering from their defeat in Indochina, the Algerian war was but the final outcome of the "subversive war" carried out by international communism against the colonial empires of the "imperialistic" powers since 1920. The historical analysis does not corroborate this far too unlateral interpretation of the complex and ambiguous relations which existed between the communist and the nationalist movements of Algeria: the algerian FLN in the beginning was no less anticommunist than antinationalist. However, the strategic and diplomatic needs of its struggle against France led it to lean progressively towards the "socialist" States instead of the "imperialistic" West, thereby foregoing its initial neutralism. This has profoundly affected the paths taken by independent Algeria.
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