Documents found
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211.More information
The purpose of the present paper is to test the validity of the Uppsala model, first in its 1977 version and then in the more recent 2009 version. To this end, we study geographical distance and network effect as determinants of international acquisition decisions. We test our model on 56,963 acquisitions conducted by firms from developed countries (1990-2009). In line with the theory, network effects play a predominant role, to the detriment of distance. Moreover, network effects impact differently depending on whether the target is located in a developed or a developing country.
Keywords: acquisitions internationales, distance géographique, effet de réseau, modèle d'Uppsala, international acquisitions, geographical distance, network effect, Uppsala model, adquisiciones internacionales, distancia geográfica, efecto de red, modelo de Uppsala
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212.More information
In 1717, Alain-René Lesage published a prose adaptation of Matteo Maria Boiardo's Italian poem, entitled Orlando innamorato, under the title Roland l'Amoureux. In the Preface to his Roland l'Amoureux [Orlando in Love], Lesage explains that his translation reflects the needs and tastes of his time. So, for example, in order to adapt the Italian poem to the rules of verisimilitude and propriety, Lesage modifies the original dispositio and inventio: he introduces more coherence in the narration, he eliminates all that was too irrational and fantastic, he employs a polite language, he describes well-mannered and respectful behaviours, he changes several of the episodes to show his devotion towards royalty, and he transforms many adventures with the purpose of respecting the concept, very important during his time, of the search for happiness. Lesage's work can be considered successful: it has been read throughout the 18th century and has been the subject of eight new editions until 1793. Even if Lesage has not reproduced the musicality of the ottava rima and the rhythm of the original, he has offered to French readers the possibility to know Boiardo's work and to appreciate his ars imaginativa. Being short, clear and logical, Lesage's translation can be read without too much difficulty and provides very interesting and “riveting moments” to lovers of adventure novels. Lesage's adaptation retains its importance into our time by serving as an indicator of the public's tastes during the 18th century, as well as of the moral and artistic inclinations of Lesage himself.
Keywords: adaptation, vraisemblance, bienséance, quête du bonheur, dévotion envers la royauté, adaptation, verisimilitude, propriety, search for happiness, devotion towards royalty
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213.More information
Keywords: Parcs Nunavik, Eeyou Istchee, cogestion, paysage culturel, parc habité
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214.More information
AbstractAncient diplomatic correspondence to China from East Asian states has been a subject of research interest in Sinology, especially with respect to its relevance to historical politics and ideology in Asia. References to its implications to translation studies, if any, were, however, quite minimal. This article represents an initial attempt to examine China-bound diplomatic correspondence from the perspective of translation history. Diplomatic letters sent in medieval times by Yamato (known as Japan since 700) and the three Korean states (namely, Paekche, Silla, and Koguryǒ) were generally confirmed to be written in Chinese, not translated. However, the case for China-bound diplomatic correspondence from Türk (on Mongolia steppes)—previously a rival state to China, and later on a vassal state—is still controversial. In this article, examples are chosen from two letters presented by the Türkish qaqhans (tribal chieftains) to China during the Sui dynasty (581–618), to find out if these letters might have been translated from the Türkic language into Chinese. Evidence from standard histories of Northern dynasty China (Zhoushu and Beiqishu, among others) suggests the existence and use of a written Türkic language by the mid-sixth century. This written language, borrowing some Sogdian (present-day Uzbek) words, was said to be similar to the other written languages on the steppes, and was found to have been used in diplomatic and religious contexts, as early as the mid-sixth century. This article argues that if there was a written language in Türk at the time, it is reasonable to assume that the Türkish state letters presented to China might have been written in the Türkic language first, before being translated into Chinese.
Keywords: history of translation, diplomatic correspondence, Türkic language, sixth-century translation, Chinese dynastic history, histoire de la traduction, correspondance diplomatique, langue türk, traduction au VIe siècle, histoire des dynasties chinoises
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215.More information
Chinese social enterprises have emerged in the context of the transition towards a market economy and the changing welfare system. While sharing features with Western social enterprises, Chinese social enterprises differ by their complex and diversified development dynamics – depending on their social aims, organisational nature, legal form and how they operate – and by an inadequate legal and institutional framework. This article retraces this evolution and presents a typology of social enterprises according to their development origins and social aims and then looks at the main regulatory frameworks specific to the social economy and social enterprises.
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217.More information
The article offers a critical review of the book edited by Pascale Pellerin analyzing how references to the European Enlightenment have been incorporated into Arab Spring narratives in support of a new demand of collective autonomy.
Keywords: Rousseau, transferts culturels, Lumières, nations, décolonisation, indépendance, Rousseau, cultural transfers, Enlightenment, nations, decolonization, independence
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218.More information
Keywords: Routard, motivation, dynamiques spatiales, nature, aventure
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219.More information
Chinese social enterprises have emerged in the context of the transition towards a market economy and the changing welfare system. While sharing features with Western social enterprises, Chinese social enterprises differ by their complex and diversified development dynamics – depending on their social aims, organisational nature, legal form and how they operate – and by an inadequate legal and institutional framework. This article retraces this evolution and presents a typology of social enterprises according to their development origins and social aims and then looks at the main regulatory frameworks specific to the social economy and social enterprises.
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220.More information
This paper is based on the professional experiences of Angolan women traders known as the « moambeiras ». After the end of the Angolan civil war in 2002, allowing for the opening of international relations with partners such as Brazil and China, the feminization of this commercial practice intensified. The business travels of these women also shake up traditional gender roles as well as the sharing of tasks and powers within families. By investigating these emancipatory processes, the author examines if this commercial activity allows the women to become conscious of the power relations that marginalize them and develops the capacity to transform them. At of time when globalization is accelerating, the author endeavors to give an intimate, feminist vision of mobility through the journey of one singular woman and a cartographic material.
Keywords: Angola, Brésil, entrepreneuriat féminin, mondialisation, mobilités spatiales