Documents found
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This article underscores the ethno-cultural diversity present in society, particularly in its social dynamics and forms of artistic expression. It thereby addresses the ethnic dimension of social relationships, given that encounters with the Other (and the Other's so-called cultural differences) evoke both fascination and fear. Why ? Because culture is not neutral in and of itself, but results from the conjugation of power relationships imposed by the dominant class that controls the development mechanisms of the economy, the media, mass culture and art, etc. To put it succinctly, “managing” differences is as much a function of systemic determinants as of perceptual phenomena generated by the combined results of the confrontation between fascination and fear of the Other. In conclusion, the article proposes some avenues of thought for social and cultural practices.
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The article shows the spiritual foundations of the Catholic understanding of the nature and construction phases of a Christian ecology. The work analyses the positions taken by the Christians of the environment that are sometimes discordant. Following an accusation by some environmentalists and intellectuals to be responsible for environmental crises the Catholic Church was first conducted a philosophical and spiritual response by showing that man is responsible for world history (anthropocentric) and the life on earth is attached to god (theocentrism). To overcome this opposition, the Vatican does not speak of the ecological disaster and has defined a "human ecology" Catholic defending the traditional values of the church (prohibition of contraception and medically assisted reproduction technologies...). It shifts the debate on moral issues and it divides the believer. Finally, another vision emerges from the church criticizing consumerism and critical commercial vision of nature. Today, these fields of ecology Catholic co-exist and there is much debate, especially in France. But these conflicting ideas (anthropocentrism and theocentrism) determine therefore the first fragile political ecology of Catholics for ecology.
Keywords: écologie chrétienne, écologie humaine, écologie politique, Église catholique, christian ecology, human ecology, political ecology, catholic church
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286.More information
On 21 July 2010, the President of the United States of America promulgated the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act relating to stock market transactions in the country. Some provisions of this law have effects in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, namely section 1502 entitled "Conflict Minerals". This paper analyzes the legality of this section under international law, regarding the principle of state sovereignty and the notion of the reserved area. It shows that the section 1502 appears to recognize the role of the DRC in the management of its natural resources, but wonders if a conflict is possible between, on one hand, the powers attributed in this section to US authorities in the struggle against the conflict minerals, and, on the other hand, the powers that the DRC must exercise over its natural resources and on economic activities taking place on its territory. Finally, it warns that with the issue of conflict minerals there is an emerging risk for the DRC to see the management of its natural resources internationalized.
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287.More information
The resolution 61/295 containing the Declaration of United Nations on the rights of indigenous peoples can be analyzed in the light of the commitment of States both from the point of view of the instrumentum of the act and its negotium. The Member states of the United Nations are committed formally by the resolution 61/295, on the basis of the principle of the good faith which is opposable to them. Their commitment has to demonstrate a will to implement effectively the resolution. The commitment of States through the resolution 61/295 goes on in the negotium of the act because its nature is normative. On the customary ground, the commitment of States by the negotium can reach lex lata obligations or limit itself to lex ferenda propositions.
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