Documents found
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13.More information
We present the results of a field study led in 2009 and aiming at a better understanding of the activity of the mosquito control workers of the EID Atlantique in the wetlands of the French Atlantic seaboard (from Morbihan to Gironde). First, we endeavor to characterize their context of work, in ecological terms as well as in social ones. Then, we propose a modelling of their activity, which brings to light in an original way its important social component: their work consists in maintaining, in the areas they take care of, an ecological equilibrium minimizing the proliferation of mosquitos; but it also consists in maintaining a social equilibrium, which aims at the satisfaction of all the users they are dealing with (salt workers, oyster farmers, cattle breeders, members of hunting associations and naturalist associations, hikers, and walkers).
Keywords: Analyse de l'activité, démoustication, didactique professionnelle, zones humides littorales, Activity analysis, mosquito control, occupational didactics, seaboard wetlands
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This article examines the role played by New France in the consolidation of maritime authority in France, first under the Admiralty then under the Crown, in the early 17th century. The colony's incorporation into these jurisdictions demonstrates that activities overseas figured into the dynastic and political calculations of titleholders in much the same way as did their positions in France and were subject to personal and institutional rivalries. Royal encouragement to Admirals to extend their jurisdictions to peripheries within and outside France highlights the intimate relations between state formation and empire building in the French Atlantic.
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This article looks at the birth of the consumer cooperative movement in the 19th century and its close ties with socialist organizations and labor unions. These organizations would try to gain control of the consumer cooperative movement. In the west of France, the consumer cooperative movement was organized within the framework of the Federation of Worker Cooperatives of Brittany (Fédération des coopératives ouvrières de Bretagne), which covered a large geographical area. The movement brought together both cooperatives that belonged to Charles Gide's Cooperative Union, which advocated keeping the movement nonpartisan, and cooperatives that were members of the Socialist Cooperatives' Bourse. In April 1905, the Federation of Worker Cooperatives of Brittany organized in Nantes the Fourth National Congress of the Socialist Cooperatives' Bourse. The ideological aspect of the regional federation remained strong, but economic realities quickly led it to focus on developing federal structures. After the unity congress in Tours, which saw the birth of the National Federation of Consumer Cooperatives (Fédération nationale des coopératives de consommation, FNCC), the Federation of Brittany became one of the first regional federations to implement the program for modernizing cooperatives.
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ABSTRACT Menhirs are elongate granite blocks placed upright, i.e. with the long axis in the vertical, in Neolithic times. Granite menhirs are prominent in the Morbihan and Trégor districts of coastal Brittany. Two minor forms, rock basins (also known as gnammas) and flutings (grooves, Rillen, Karren), are developed on menhirs. Two distinct generations of forms can be distinguished: those that predate the menhirs being placed upright, and those that postdate erection. Several flat-floored basins (or pans) that must have originated on flattish surfaces are now found on steeply inclined surfaces. On the other hand, smaller basins have developed on the summits of the monuments. Several flutings score the steep upper slopes of the blocks. They are deepest where they cut into outwardly convex inclined rock faces. They also diverge over such protuberances and terminate well above ground level. Clearly both the younger generation of basins and the flutings have formed after the monuments had been placed in their present upright positions and by processes active under subaerial or epigene conditions. In this last respect they stand in contrast with similar forms reported from other parts of the world. In Brittany the estimated age of menhirs is about 5000 years. Thus the flutings have deepened at a rate of a few tens mm/1000 years. The implied rate of basin development varies between 4 and 30 mm/1000 years.
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17.
Aires protégées, éoliennes, transport : comment concilier enjeux locaux et globaux sur le littoral ?
More informationThe coastline, as well as being the interface between land and sea, is also where interactions occur and conflicts may arise between local and global dynamics. In cases such as these, how can an area-based general interest be constructed that combines both local and superregional interests? We conducted a comparative analysis of eight case studies addressing either the creation of protected areas at the interface between local dynamics and national and international requirements, or projects justified by the fight against climate change that have nevertheless met with local opposition (e.g. offshore wind farms or inland waterways for multimodal transport). The analysis reveals recurrences, with five mechanisms used to construct an area-based public interest and the project's acceptance: the generally tacit prioritising of stakeholders, issues and/or scales ; creating and making use of projects' adjustment variables ; transactions between stakeholders ; spatial exit, with certain activities transferred out of the area ; and the construction of new organised proximities. These mechanisms – which are complementary rather than alternative – make up the “HAPTE” grid (Hiérarchisation, Ajustement, Proximités, Transaction, Exit or Prioritisation, Adjustment, Proximities, Transaction, Exit). However, some of the mechanisms are skewed, making the agreement fragile. This results in three archetype processes with three possible outcomes: a dynamic area-based compromise, a skewed and fragile compromise or stonewalling and avoidance strategies. Based on our analysis, we propose a grid to evaluate the mechanisms mobilised to construct an agreement, enabling the quality of its underlying area-based general interest to be assessed.
Keywords: aires protégées, parcs éoliens, environnement, intérêt général, littoral, proximités, territoire, coastal areas, environment, general interest, protected areas, proximities, territory, wind farms