Documents found
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84.More information
This research deals with the relation between extraction sites and sustainable development in Brittany, and aims at analysing the modalities of governance within this industrial activity.Since 1993, all extraction sites have, by law, an obligation to consider environmental issues and local community demands in their projects, whenever a site is to be opened or extended: 1) The opinion of the local resident is highly important because they desire to create a territory that suits the needs of their local community and that preserves a way of life strongly associated with rural areas. Their increasing participation in local councils and meetings is a testimony for their long lasting involvement. 2) On the other hand, the need for companies to sign up for sustainable projects requires the forging of partnerships with collective groups and associations that far exceed any regulatory requirements.Our proposals will be supported by the analysis of two sites. In Bodonou (Finistère) a good industry/local communities partnership has resulted in the reclaiming a protected natural area (wetland, natural heritage …) after the closure of the site. Off shore Lorient, the local opposition to the possible opening of an extraction site at sea demonstrates the civic commitment to environmental issues, and, more broadly, to the preservation of a quality living space.
Keywords: sites d'extraction, sablière/carrière, gouvernance, développement durable, concertation, environnement, Extraction sites, sand quarry/sand pits, governance, sustainable development, consultation, environment
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85.More information
French law has nowadays widened the possibilities to take into account the consequences of environmental damage. Not solely classical personal injuries caused via the environment (environment-related damage) but also damage to the environment itself are from now on taken into account. But the remediation of environmental damage suffers because of the difficulty to identify clearly the different types of damage that should be taken into consideration. The outcome is the existence on the one hand of contact zones between several damage types, at the risk of setting of a double compensation for a single damage and on the other hand of shadow zones, which mean that although there is a real damage, there won't be any remediation. Another consequence is that we are facing a remediation that varies according to circumstances, to jurisdictions and to concerned institutions. In order to put an end to this situation and to guarantee the respect of essential principles such as integral remediation, judicial security and equality, we must move towards a structured typology of the remediable environmental damage. The drawing up of such a typology is precisely the objective of the working group animated by the professor G. J. Martin and Laurent Neyret, and hosted by Sciences-po Paris. This typology of the remediable environmental damage, which is being drafted on a participative basis, may be an operational instrument able to guide the different protagonists of environmental action (lawyers, magistrates, operators of polluting activities, insurers, environmental experts, environmental defenders…).
Keywords: réparation-préjudices, environnementaux-nomenclature-sécurité, juridique-égalité juridique, remediation-environmental, damage- typology-judicial, security-judicial equality
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88.More information
Trees on the seafront suffer the harsh living conditions that are associated with coastal climates and which impede their taking root or, at the very least, disrupt their growth. And yet, every coastline has its wooded landscape. For society, trees are part of the scenery, there to be appropriated and managed. A tree - that readily perceived geographical object - may stand alone or in a group, be dying away or conquering new ground ; it is sometimes valued, sometimes ill-appreciated. However, despite this high level of interest, very few studies have explored trees outside forests, particularly in coastal areas. To bridge that gap, an environmental geography approach is required. Areas of the western coast have been selected for their specific nature (uncultivated lands or semi-natural areas like heaths, dunes, wetlands). The methodology used includes the concepts of the systemic approach by integrating highly diversified data (ground observations, historical sources, investigative work). Results show that the significance of trees outside forest lies in their role in the creation and evolution of spaces. They are a source of value to which human society is not indifferent. Trees can be vectors of images, behaviour or conflict, where issues regarding landscape refer to territories and their spatial and temporal dynamics.
Keywords: arbre hors forêt, littoral, France, paysage, gestion, patrimonialisation, tree outside forest, coast, France, landscape, management, heritage values
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89.More information
The Mayotte Marine Nature Park was established in January 2010, after a very rapid process. Responding to an environmental general interest, how did this national level initiative take root in the territory, based on the construction of a territorial sustainable development project and the territorialisation of the general interest driving the project? What is the basis of the social acceptability of the project? The analysis of the project construction process and controversies highlighted by stakeholders allow identifying biases and weaknesses in the construction of a territorialised general interest. The analysis focuses on the founding transactions of project acceptance, the differential of project ownership depending on the players, prioritisation of stakeholders and issues, the bias of representation on the "Sea parliament" that is the Park Management Board, the issues and the effectiveness of the construction of new organised proximities around the Park. We draw methodological lessons from this for the adequacy of the analysis grid used and subsequently operational experience on the means to implement for consultation, to target interfaces and fractures among actors rooted in distinct worlds.
Keywords: aire marine protégée, acceptabilité sociale, environnement, Mayotte, proximités, social acceptability, environment, Mayotte, Marine Protected Area, proximity
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90.More information
This article is based on a study carried out in 2019 on the island of Ré concerning illegal mooring on eelgrass beds, a habitat that has been preserved since 1992 by the “Habitat Directive”. The thorny issue of illegal mooring on the island has been revived through the issue of the damages it causes to eelgrass beds. In the context of the Charente coastline, and more particularly the Ré island, the article analyses the construction process of an environmental policy to regulate the mooring impact on eelgrass beds. This process crosses political, environmental and economic issues mobilising heterogeneous actors at different decision-making levels. The agenda setting and local policy making - by setting up light dedicated Mooring Zones (french « Zones de Mouillages et d'équipements Légers » (ZMEL)) - are conflicting. It gives rise to controversy and blockages by the various stakeholders (sailors, locally elected representatives and decentralized State departments) which can only be understood by considering the socio-historical context of the area. The difficult emergence of this environmental policy is highlighted by the interaction of successive administrative reforms - transforming the organization and prerogatives of decentralized State departments -, the representations of sailors, the fuzzy governance frame of the eelgrass beds, and local political games and its power relations.
Keywords: herbiers de zostères, mouillage sauvage, jeux d'acteurs, parc naturel marin, gouvernance, Île de Ré, eelgrass beds, wild mooring, stakeholders' interactions, governance, marine natural park, Island of Ré