Documents found
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1031.More information
Switzerland is known to praise values such as wealth, peace, security... Although unemployment has remained very low over the years, rebellious youth movements have begun to emerge. This may be explained by an analysis of conflictual values and ideologies as reflected in work.
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1032.More information
The current situation in Libya, and to a lesser extent in the Central African Republic and Yemen, has reopened the debate over state failure and its diverse implications in international law. Coined by political scientists, the concept of “failed state” is generally used to describe the situation of a state incapable of assuming its basic functions as a consequence of the total or partial collapse of its governmental and administrative institutions. The concept is however controversial at international law. Rejected by a small part of the literature, it is disputed by the remainder, both regarding this notion and its legal implications. This paper is a modest contribution to the renewal of the reflection on the subject. It is part of the broader effort of helping to devise a legal status for “failed state”, which the former UN Secretary General, the late Boutros Boutros-Ghali, has called for since 1996, in the midst of the difficulties and issues raised by the Somalian crisis.
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1033.
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1034.More information
Twenty-three years separate the music from Batman (Tim Burton, 1989) and The Dark Knight Rises (Christopher Nolan, 2012) with the respective compositions of Danny Elfman and Hans Zimmer. If both composers remain faithful to a signifying design of the themes, Zimmer proposes a higher number of thematic materials, with the presence of an “identifying ostinato” for each of the three main characters, in addition to their own themes.Developed by a real team, “sound narration” is also a major characteristic of Nolan and Zimmer's aesthetics with the elaboration, throughout the film, of a continuum of sound effects and music, in which what we've called “effects underscoring” constitutes one of the most innovative strategies. “Effects underscoring” is a compositional technique by which music is intended to create an emotional setting no longer to the voices, but to the noises, during sequences where sounds concentrate the dramaturgical meaning of a section through their intrinsic properties (rhythmic organization, timbral characteristics) The meticulous work on noises, adding to a better definition of sound effects thanks to digital technology, really “frees” music in its relationship to the image; we observe the concrete effects of this by comparing the synchronisms and the handling of the ostinatos (length, harmonic pedals, harmonic rhythm) in action scenes from the two films. While Elfman's work is characterized by a vivid and detailed writing which emphasizes both the characters' actions and the editing, Zimmer distances himselfs from visual events by privileging a greater musical continuity which mostly depends on what we have called “stem scoring”, a multi-layered musical composition that the composer or mixer can trigger or remove, depending on the image.
Keywords: musique de film, bruits, effects underscoring, stem scoring, rythme harmonique, film music, sound effects, effects underscoring, stem scoring, harmonic rhythm
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1036.
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1037.More information
This research investigates the motivations of counterfeit luxury consumption in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Using a Means-End Chain approach, this research uncovers four dominant motivational patterns and complexities that drive affluent GCC consumers to purchase counterfeit luxury products: Value-Consciousness, Belonging, Hedonism and Self-esteem. Luxury brands and policy makers could use these main hidden final values to gain a holistic understanding of consumer motivations and develop stronger anti-counterfeiting strategies to discourage counterfeit consumption.
Keywords: Counterfeiting, Luxury brand, Means-End Chain, GCC consumers, contrefaçon, marque de luxe, chaînages cognitifs, consommateurs du CCG, falsificación, marca de lujo, cadenas Medio-Fin, consumidores CCG
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1038.
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1039.
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1040.More information
In this article, I seek to trace the contours of a moral economy of oil resources. To do so, I mobilize the results of a field study conducted among employees and managers of a transnational firm involved in offshore oil extraction. I demonstrate that the emotions, values and norms that they continually articulate in their work activities within the company bear in them the tensions and contradictions of the extractive complex, which material deployment is constrained by the specific features of oil resources (burial in the subsoil, location in the open sea). At last, I insist on the fact that, in order to be properly problematized, these particular moral economies must be set against the "ordinary" moral economy of the oil resource that is elaborated on the scale of industrial society as a whole – and which legitimacy is increasingly contested.
Keywords: économie morale, matérialité, pétrole, offshore, entreprises transnationales, moral economy, materiality, oil, offshore, transnational Firms