Documents found
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1131.More information
The present article constitutes an overview of the ocean carrier liability exceptions contained in the newly adopted Rotterdam Rules and those present in the Hague-Hague/Visby Rules. Such an overview aims at identifying the main changes brought about by the Rotterdam Rules to the existing Hague-Hague/Visby exculpatory causes. Canadian, English and United States case law and doctrine commenting on the Hague-Hague/Visby Rules liability exceptions are used as the basis for the present comparative study.
Keywords: Rotterdam Rules, Hague-Hague/Visby Rules, liability exceptions, ocean carrier, maritime law, Règles de Rotterdam, Règles de La Haye-La Haye/Visby, causes d'exonération, transporteur maritime, droit maritime
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1132.More information
Consumers shopping on the Internet want to ensure that their transactions are protected, secure and reliable. E-commerce has tremendous potential and, with the advent of the Internet, consumers can rapidly access a multitude of products, compare their prices as well as execute and conclude transactions without leaving the comfort of their living rooms. However, several payment and delivery problems are interfering with the commercial expansion of Cyber-commerce. Can current regulations contribute to the development of this new type of commerce and still protect consumers against technological abuses? To answer this question, the authors ponder the adequacy of the existing regulatory framework as it applies to methods of contract formation as well as execution on-line. Then, findings in hand, they turn their attention towards the necessity of restructuring Commercial Law in light of this new reality.
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1135.
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1136.More information
Film music has been neglected for a long time in scholarly literature, especially in French-speaking countries. This shortcoming is addressed since a few decades by the blossoming of musicological and specialized analysis devoted to film music. By casting a retrospective glance over this young academic field called “film musicology”, we will first question the place of film music study within musicological research, so as to understand the disavowal it has been subjected to. Disparities still exist between North American and French approaches, but we will demonstrate that the progressive institutionalization of film music and its inclusion within musicology are set on an encouraging path. The issues specific to film music study will be examined in order to highlight what methodological challenges such a research object entails. We will also show how they relate to and reengage a number of reflections taking place within musicology itself.
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1138.More information
This article addresses several topics related to Niagara County, New York: the steamboat Caroline and its destruction and how Americans responded; the secret Hunter's Lodges and, more specifically, their support for the notorious rebel, Benjamin Lett; incidents connected to Navy Island; William Lyon Mackenzie's son James; Alexander McLeod's trial; and the legacy of the Patriot War.
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1140.More information
The video games market has evolved considerably since the 1970s. In particular, new business and monetization models emerged in the 2000s. Under the new business models, video games are seen as a service rather than a product sold to consumers once and for all. The studios that have adopted these new business models for video games have developed various strategies—described by authors as Dark Patterns—aimed at maximizing player engagement and spending in the game. A number of recent studies have begun to establish a link between Dark Patterns and deleterious psychological and physical effects on gamers. In particular, they can lead gamers to lose control of the time they spend playing video games and of the money they spend. Faced with the use of these Dark Patterns in video games and their effects on gamers, it is important to ask to what extent this phenomenon is taken seriously by industry players and public authorities. Are they aware of this phenomenon and, if so, what are they doing to combat the presence and effects of Dark Patterns in video games? To answer these questions, we will first look at the practices of players in the video games industry. In this contribution, we will study the use of Dark Patterns and regulatory measures put in place by industry players. We will then look at the strategies and measures adopted by the public authorities in the world's largest video game markets, namely the United States, the European Union, China, Korea and Japan. We will see that various strategies are currently being deployed to combat the use of Dark Patterns in video games.
Keywords: Dark Patterns, Dark Patterns