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Keywords: stratégie de promotion régionale, changements climatiques, Noël, authenticité, avantages construits

This article explores the history of U.S. expatriates and draft resisters in alternative political and cultural communities within Toronto during the late 1960s and early 1970s. As such these expatriates were important players in shaping and creating new social spaces, activist politics, and alternative forms of expression generated within the city's counterculture communities and New Left movements. Aided by their class and racial privilege, many of these expatriates were able to participate in and engage the public culture of the city as few other migrants could. This ability to become part of the Toronto's alternative neighbourhoods, scenes, and intentional communities was nonetheless facilitated by the transnational connections and objectives that linked local actions with global aspirations and collaborators.

The occasion of the first commission that Jacques Gréber received to plan the new city centre of Ottawa—the 1937 Paris International Exposition—was the scene of the first encounter between the proponents of the New Architecture and the tenets of the "Retour à l'Ordre." The last in the long tradition of French "Universelles," with their common eighteenth-century Illuminist legacy, the exposition Gréber planned was the first to open its doors widely to the most radical modern arts. This article argues that Gréber based the exposition on a double refusal: On the one hand, the refusal to introduce a unique controlling style, as had been the case in all previous French fairs, and on the other the refusal to represent modernity in any single-minded form. This pluralist approach announced in France the end of modernity understood as an issue of style altogether.

Little has been written about Depression-era municipal politics in Canada. This article considers Regina's experience by examining the turbulent career of its most successful populist politician, Cornelius Rink. He was twice elected mayor (in 1933 and 1934) on the strength of his appeal among Regina's immigrant and working-class voters. Then in 1935, in the aftermath of the On-to-Ottawa Trekkers' sojourn in the city and a riot there on 1 July, social democrats and trade unionists with an attractive platform and a more effective organization managed to unseat Rink with the votes of many of those same immigrant and working-class Reginans. Cornelius Rink was Regina's first populist mayor, but as it turned out he would be its only one.

The forest ecosystem of South-western Côte d'Ivoire harbors an exceptional biological diversity with numerous endemic species. This region is characterized by the existence of many agro-industrial plantations that constitute a real threat the survival its extraordinary biodiversity. The remaining forest relics within these vast plantations constitutes the only hope of local fauna maintaining and surviving. This study aimed to assess the biological diversity and conservation status of Mammals in four forest relics within the agro-industrial plantations of SOGB Company. Tracks, sound and visual observations were used to survey the presence of Mammals. The presence of 31 Mammal species was confirmed in these forest relics. Of these Mammals, one is listed as Endangered (EN), two are classified as Vulnerable (VU) and three are Near Threatened according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria's. The forest relics sampled contained a large proportion of the characteristic Mammal fauna of the Upper Guinean forests and six species shortlisted on IUCN's red list of threatened species, which give them a high conservation value and the need of immediate protection.

Keywords: mammifères, espèces menacées, conservation, reliques forestières, plantations agro-industrielles, Côte d'Ivoire, mammals, threatened species, conservation, forest relics, agro-industrial plantations, Ivory Coast

Environmental degradation is one of the most crucial issues of the moment, and the mechanisms and strategies to contain it still give rise to a number of heated debates. One of the preferred approaches to curb this phenomenon therefore remains the resilience that allows degraded ecosystems to regain relatively their initial ecological integrity. However, the contribution of women, who are among the most vulnerable and most affected by this degradation, is still poorly documented and therefore very poorly valued. The great majority of scientific productions within the interfaces between feminism and ecology, although they are constructive, remain very tainted by a sort of battle of dualism, common to a certain scientific discourse, the method of which seems to us somewhat outdated. Eroding the very basis of the immense contribution of these scientific approaches to the question. It therefore seems urgent and pertinent to capitalize these contributions in a single approach based on a reflection of complex thought and its place in the interface between feminism and ecology, an approach that we will refer to here as "ecofeminism of complexity". This proposal Seems to us all the more relevant in that it will make it possible to define a platform for the valorisation and capitalization of women's initiatives for the positive transformation of ecosystems, in this case (for the purposes of this article) the resilience experience of women market gardeners of the Mbao classified forest in the Dakar suburbs of Senegal.

Keywords: écosystème forestier, femmes, rapport femme-forêt, écoféminisme, la complexité, forest ecosystem, women, woman and forest, écofeminism, complexity

The use of the language spoken by young people from French sensitive urban areas is considered a major stylistic feature of banlieue literature. Hence, studying the translation of Beur novels also implies studying this linguistic variety. This case study considers lexical items used by youth from the French banlieue in the novel Kiffe kiffe demain by Faïza Guène in its Arabic, Dutch and Spanish translations. Specifically, the strategies used to translate 62 passages that include 21 words belonging to the youth language of the banlieue will be examined. Our research shows that even though there is a great variety of strategies applied by the translators in the three languages, the general tendency is to standardize these specific lexical items by using either formal, informal or neutral equivalents. Surprisingly, sociolinguistic equivalence is not a common translation choice. Non-translation is a common strategy retained for dealing with almost exclusively the Arabic words. Arabic and Spanish translators do not resort to additions whereas the Dutch translator does. Finally, we did not find much consistency in the linguistic procedures studied and the strategies used to translate them.

Keywords: romans beurs, langue des jeunes des cités, traduction, Faïza Guène, arabe, néerlandais, espagnol, beur fiction, urban youth slang, translation, Faïza Guène, Arabic, Dutch, Spanish

The debate on what cultural translation as an analytical and political tool can offer has sparked much discussion in translation studies as well as in the fields of anthropology, literature, and cultural studies. To a lesser degree, some museum studies scholars have likewise evoked the notion of translation to address the ethics of representing culture in and across differences. This article expands on these discussions by evaluating whether a translational lens can serve to rethink the display of African material culture in museums. Through an analysis of the textual, spatial, and visual elements of the permanent African exhibition at the Musée du quai Branly-Jacques Chirac (MQB) in Paris, France, I argue that though the MQB claims that it seeks to foster cultural dialogue, the “translations” of its African collection tend to reproduce the museum's norms of meaning-making, rather than the norms of the non-European cultures it presents. However, I also suggest that by approaching its task as one of multimodal translation, the MQB could reshape its museographic language to reflect ways of making meaning that are more evenly in dialogue with ways of making meaning from the objects' contexts of origin.

Keywords: cultural translation, Musée du quai Branly, African art, ethnography exhibitions, intermedial translation, traduction culturelle, Musée du quai Branly, arts africains, expositions ethnographiques, traduction intermodale

Population growth and urban development in the South renew research topics on agriculture. Advantageous in some respects, urban agriculture entails many risks, especially those related to the quality of irrigation water and to urban farmers'practices. The article illustrates the case of Antananarivo, the capital of Madagascar, where watercress, which is highly appreciated by the consumers, had a growing development in the lowland of the city. This activity creates high income and can be practiced all around the year. However, health risks associated with its conditions of production are numerous : use of waste water and urban effluents, questionable practices of some farmers and traders. A multidisciplinary research program has studied this situation. A survey on consumption showed that methods used by households from Antananarivo for watercress preparation are suitable. Furthermore, microbiological analyses of the product at the production level and in households are reassuring. However, some issues remain unresolved. A qualitative survey reveals a duality in the image of the product : consumers are indeed shared between, firstly, their good appreciation of organoleptic and nutritional qualities of watercress and, secondly, their fear of disease related to the conditions of production they witness. The problem of safety is real because of the subjectivity of consumers that could, at worst, turn away from this product, at best, ask questions about the quality of their diet.

Keywords: Antananarivo, Madagascar, agriculture urbaine, cresson, irrigation, sécurité sanitaire des aliments, Antananarivo, Madagascar, urban agriculture, watercress, irrigation, food safety

Within multinational enterprises, corporate values are instruments of a normative global corporate culture and are transferred from the parent company to the subsidiaries to create a common cultural framework. However, the meaning of corporate values is largely specific to the source language and the context in which they were formulated. Our paper presents a case study illustrating the process of value decoding and interpretation at the French and German subsidiaries of an American multinational enterprise. This binational comparative analysis allows us to highlight differences in the interpretation of values at subsidiary level and illustrates how corporate values are “recontextualised” locally.

Keywords: valeurs d'entreprises, culture d'entreprise, entreprise multinationale, langue, traduction, recontextualisation, communication interculturelle, France, Allemagne, Etats-Unis, corporate values, corporate culture, multinational enterprise, language, translation, recontextualisation, intercultural communication, France, Germany, United States, valores corporativos, cultura de empresa, empresa multinacional, idioma, traducción, recontextualización, comunicación intercultural, Francia, Alemania, Estados Unidos