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This article aims to describe home-based childcare providers’ conceptions of quality interactions. Based on a meaning-making approach, participants’ conceptions were collected through semi-structured interviews and then analyzed through a cultural lens. The conceptions were also compared to the domains and dimensions of the Classroom Assessment Scoring System Toddler, a standardized instrument designed to measure the quality of interactions as a normative concept in childcare centers. The results show that there are mainly differences in the conceptions regarding interactions as experienced in home-based childcare and in childcare centers. A diversity of languages is necessary to consider the distinct cultural context of home-based childcare.

Keywords: Quality of interactions, Qualité des interactions, Childcare, Service de garde en milieu familial, Service de garde en installation, Home-based childcare, Approche normative, Childcare center, Faire sens, Conceptions, Normative approach, Analyse culturelle, Meaning making approach, Classroom Assessment Scoring System, Conceptions, Cultural analysis, Classroom Assessment Scoring System, Contexte éducatif

This research presents the history of the Resistance To Change Scale (Oreg, 2003a) and its adaptation to the Quebec context. The four dimensional scale concerns the disposition to resist change, a trait reflecting a negative attitude towards change. Four studies were conducted. First, using the backward translation method, a preliminary version was produced and evaluated by experts and teachers. Then, two pretests were conducted with two samples of university students. Last, the final version of the ÉDRAC was submitted to 294 undergraduate students. The ÉDRAC presents various proofs of validity and offers a portrait of students’ disposition to resist change. Its characteristics are discussed.

Keywords: Adaptation transculturelle, Cross-cultural adaptation, EDRAC, échelle de disposition à résister au changement, ÉDRAC, dispositional resistance to change scale, processus de validation, resistance to change, RTC, résistance au changement, validation process, RTC

The purpose of this article is to understand the perceptions of parent commissioners, elected commissioners, and principals on the political participation of parents in the decision-making process within the councils of commissioners since the adoption of Bill 105 amending the Education Act. A multiple case study was conducted with two school boards in the City of Québec area, and semi-structured interviews were held with 13 participants. A content analysis of the data revealed that greater numbers and the right to vote have brought parent commissioners more legitimacy and recognition, as well as a more egalitarian relationship with the other members of the school governing bodies. The role of parent commissioners is now more decision-making than simply advisory.

Keywords: Parent participation, Participation des parents, educational governance, gouvernance de l'éducation, prise de décision, decision making, commissions scolaires, school boards, Québec, Quebec

Research framework: Over the past decade, social science research has been profoundly renewed by the measurement of socioeconomic inequalities, which no longer takes into account only socio-professional status, labor income, or qualifications, but also wealth. Family matters for inheriting wealth, saving it, or accumulating it through returns on investments. The accumulation of wealth brings into play the three major dimensions of kinship: descent, siblingship, and alliance.Objectives: To establish a dialogue between the literature on socio-economic inequalities and the social sciences of the family.Methodology: This introductory article is based on a literature review of various social science disciplines in economics, sociology, demography, history, anthropology, political philosophy and law.Results: This issue of the journal Enfances Familles Générations is a plea for the social sciences to take into account both family ties and family assets, based on the concrete issues of inheritance, marriage, indebtedness and home ownership. Inheritance, its accumulation, preservation and transmission are, in fact, concerns within families of all social backgrounds.Conclusion: Family dynamics - in interaction with the multiple actors in the family field - play a part in structuring economic inequalities within the family (especially gender inequalities) and between families (especially class- and race-based inequalities). But exploring inequalities in asset and debt also provides a better understanding of family relationships, since wealth participates in the making of the family. Contribution: This introductory article affirms the importance of studying family wealth strategies across all social classes, and of multiplying the historical, national and cultural contexts of study.

Keywords: patrimoine, dette, héritage, mariage, propriété immobilière, inégalité économique, wealth, debt, inheritance, marriage, homeownership, economic inequality, patrimonio, deuda, herencia, matrimonio, propiedad inmobiliaria, desigualdades económicas

Keywords: ACPQ, éducation cinématographique, jeunesse, Québec, témoignage

Balzac was fascinated by the idea of an occult network operating in parallel with the established legal system, and offering a critical perspective for realist observation. In his later novel Splendeurs et misères des courtisanes, he develops a counter-society through the world of criminals and courtesans. This underground network can be productively read through the lens of Michel Foucault’s “heterotopias”, which he designates as “other spaces” that are structurally necessary, and that reflect and disrupt the established order of place. While Foucault does not consider the position of those who must inhabit and maintain such other spaces, Balzac seeks to give voice to those characters, in particular the courtesan Esther and the master criminal Vautrin, whose perspectives shed light on the public and hidden faces of a world that remains fundamentally egotistical, conservative and colonial.

Keywords: Honoré de Balzac, Splendeurs et misères des courtisanes, Michel Foucault, hétérotopie, Vautrin

This article focuses on the collaborative experience of a teacher in training and two visible minority teachers involved in the development and teaching of a new course designed to better prepare mature immigrant and visible minority students in Alberta francophone and French immersion school settings. Qualitative data were collected from the teachers using an interview and a survey to document this collaborative experience. Teachers agreed to participate in this project because of the proposed conceptual framework, which focused on the intercultural approach, reflective practice, and a perspective of equity and inclusion, as well as their own professional and personal commitment to the success and empowerment of pre-service students of immigrant origin. This commitment relies on two contrasting identity postures: of decolonization and of identification to a plural Albertan francophonie. In addition, the diversity of experiences and the common desire to work together promoted a high level of interdependence between team members, whose open-mindedness and flexibility contributed to making the collaboration a professional experience that was rich for the team and a source of empowerment for the two teachers.

Keywords: teachers, enseignants, collaboration, collaboration, formation initiale, pre-service teacher training, inclusion, inclusion, équité, equity, minorités visibles, visible minority, étudiants immigrants, immigrant students, pratique réflexive, reflexive practice, approche interculturelle, intercultural approach, francophone minority context, milieu francophone minoritaire

This research examines the relationship between the perception of transformational leadership, the autonomous motivation of employees and their performance at work. More specifically, it explores the mediating effect of autonomous motivation, considered to be the most suitable form of motivation for the development of a sustainable performance (Gagné et Deci, 2005; Gagné et Forest, 2009; Roussel et Fall, 2021). The data come from a survey of 158 workers, drawn through a convenience sampling, of a Senegalese public hospital. The results, from a structural equations approach and the test of the indirect effects, reveal that the perception of transformational leadership has an effect on the autonomous motivation of the agents, and on their job performance. However, it does not directly affect the contextual performance of the agents. On the other hand, the autonomous motivation of agents exerts a total mediating effect between the perception of a transformational leadership and contextual performance. However, it exerts only a partial mediating effect between transformational leadership and performance in the task.

Keywords: Leadership transformationnel, motivation au travail, performance au travail, performance tâche, performance contextuelle

Philosophers deny a proposal for actions can be deduced from arguments for or against the proposal because they may be incompatible. Nevertheless, people in general, and politicians especially, make decisions and present arguments they believe are convincing. We studied politicians who made decisions in complex situations. They spoke about possible actions, their consequences, the probabilities of these consequences and their evaluations, but rarely indicated why their arguments led to their choice. We hypothesized implicit argumentation rules involved and checked whether they predicted those choices. We found seven implicit informal logic rules involved. We also found a random sample of people made the same choices based on the same arguments, suggesting basic warrants by which people argue about decisions.

Keywords: argumentation rules, data, warrants and claims, strategies, outcomes, utilities and probabilities