Documents found
-
613.More information
How are cultural changes put forward by so-called 'Utopias' accepted by political elites and then implemented through political decisions or international treaties ? This historical process has often been dealt with via two separate disciplines : sociology and political science. In this article, the author has chosen to use the new paradigm of global politics, i.e., the "issue paradigm", as his general framework of analysis. This article comprises two parts. First a theory of political change - culturally induced. Four concepts of change and progress are examined (Saint-Pierre, Kant, Condorcet and Bentham). This leads the author to the formulation of a new concept: " counter-decision", which can be defined as "a minor concession pulled through socially organized utopian movements from still reluctant political elites, at the very time when History is shaken by some kind of crisis such as war". The total process consists of four successive stages which are: intellectual maturation, socialisation, counter-decision, and new policy which is the final stage of political change culturally induced. The second part of the article gives a historical illustration of this four stages process, examples of which are the European unification, arbitration, collective security, disarmament, arms control, law of war and humanitarian law. These empirical illustrations reveal that Saint-Pierre, Kant, Condorcet and Bentham were all correct in their respective interpretation of progress. It also means that, in politics, cultural progress is at one and the same time rationally thought, reached through a dialectical process, cumulative or determinist in some aspects, if equally debated, and thus voluntarist.
-
615.More information
The objective of this article is to offer some insights to PhD candidates or young doctors on their professional transition toward the non-academic labour market. The author reflects on the skills that are at the core of the doctoral programs and shows how they can be useful for non-academic organizations. The difficulties for young doctors to integrate the non-academic labour market stem from the fact that it is built primarily on the paradigm of “skill,” whereas the academic labour market recognizes mostly the paradigm of “knowledge.” The article concludes with some advice for PhD candidates or young doctors in order to facilitate their transition from one paradigm to another.
Keywords: doctorat, science politique, transition professionnelle, compétences, emplois, PhD, political science, professional transition, skills, jobs
-
618.More information
Tunisian economy has experienced a stable and low inflation after reforms of PAS. The objective of this paper is to find contacts between practices of monetary and fiscal policy and the economic literature. We use a vector auto regression (VAR) analysis in order to take into account the bidirectional effect between liability and surplus. The Granger causality test shows the direction of causality. FTPL (Fiscal Theory of the Price Level) can apply to Tunisian economy where surplus series is exogenous. We attribute the low and stable inflation in Tunisia to a dominant fiscal policy and to a monetary policy which targets interest rate.
-
620.More information
It is a truism to state today that the idealist-realist debate represents a foundational moment of great importance for the discipline of international relations that had defined and set the problematic that will occupy her latter. In those circumstances, the works of Hans f. Morgenthau occupied a privileged posture because he contributed more than anyone else to grasp what makes the originality and specificity of that « new » domain of study. The metatheoretical examination of that idealist-realist debate and of the strategic position that it occupied in the theoretical thinking of Morgenthau allowed us to enlighten anew one crucial moment in the analytical constitution of international relations. Retrospectively this kind of metatheoretical examination throws critical light on difficulties faced by theoretical activities in that discipline.