Documents found
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101.More information
Through the case of English language teaching policies, this article seeks to identify factors that would explain how the same change in public policy produces diverging outcomes in different national contexts. Combining public policy and political sociology approaches, it shows how in the case of transsectorial policy issues, the political system's responsiveness to contradictory demands expressed by its publics may lead to the inefficiency of state action. Through the analysis of the limits of governing languages, the article thus raises the more general question of the link between democracy and public policy. The demonstration builds on a comparative framework replacing the French case in a European context before confronting it to the German case through a most similar research design.
Keywords: politique des langues, citoyenneté, France, effets de l'action publique, analyse comparée, language policy, citizenship, France, public policy effects, comparative analysis
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102.More information
French environmental public policies on biodiversity are designed drawing upon scientific expertise. The framework of this expertise has been deeply remodeled in the past decade through a series of reforms and the creation of new institutions. This exploratory study was based on interviews with stakeholders working at the interface between scientific knowledge and political action. The concept of “expertise” describes the difficult and complicated relationship between science and action, which is not specific to biodiversity policies but which lead to a feeling of uneasiness for scientists and policymakers. The reforms engaged in the last decade are then often justified by this uneasiness described by interviewees when thinking about expertise processes. However, our results indicate that the recent institutional proliferation is perceived as unsettling by both scientists and policymakers, comforting the existing difficulties. To go beyond these difficulties and meet the demand for expertise, experts adopt what can be described as three archetypal postures – ensuring sound science as “guarantors”, defending conservation principles as “guardians”, or working closely with policymakers as “agents”. "The influence of "guarantors" and "agents" has grown" over time at the expense of traditional “guardians”. Results are analyzed with regard to the strategic stakes of each stakeholder and to the recent changes in academic and political actions. Finally, new research perspectives are discussed to enlarge our results.
Keywords: expertise, interface science/politique, politiques publiques environnementales, analyse stratégique, biodiversité, science, politiques, expertise, science-policy interface, environmental public policies, strategic analysis, biodiversity, science, policies
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107.More information
ABSTRACTThe many analyses now available of the link between globalisation and recent reforms of social welfare merit criticism for two reasons. Approaches employing a unilateralist analysis of the impact of globalisation are limited because they treat internal (national-level) and external (international) factors in an isolated fashion. A second weakness is that they are strongly tainted by functionalism, whether economic or institutional. This article claims that, in contrast, it is necessary to link internal and external dimensions so as to discern not only the varying effects of globalisation on welfare states but also the varying features of globalisation itself. By means of a comparative perspective it is possible to operationalise a transnationalist approach to social policy, one that treats international actors as transfer mechanisms for social policies that are then adapted to a variety of national circumstances.
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108.More information
AbstractThrough the example of one of the first intercultural mediation departments, this article offers to analyse intercultural mediation with a constructivist approach. How did these local actors negotiate the contains of this position ? More than a technical procedure connecting migrants and public institutions, intercultural mediation is a political act aiming at the inclusion of minorities in public space, notably by a contribution to the local administration of the diversity.
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ABSTRACTUsing a historical and local analysis, this article seeks to understand the ways that youth-focused actors, that is those responsible for and expert in politics, administration and community action, organise themselves and the consequences of this organisation for policy interventions directed towards youth. By comparing initiatives directed toward youth since the 19lh century in two French cities it is possible to assess the influence of established patterns of collaboration among decision-makers, volunteers and experts on the kinds of policies put into place. The article examines the degree of openness of spaces of collaboration, the power relations created among the various types of participants, the ways national policies are taken up by these public and private actors, and the development of local responses to youth issues.
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Pour mettre en œuvre ses politiques publiques, l'État compte sur un appareil administratif régi par un grand nombre de règles internes. Ces règles peuvent causer des interférences avec la mise en œuvre des politiques publiques et mettre en cause leur cohérence. Nous avons choisi d'étudier cette cohérence à l'aide des questions suivantes : - Y a-t-il interférence entre la mise en œuvre des politiques publiques et les règles internes des ressources humaines? - Si interférence il y a, quel est le rôle des acteurs? Pour y répondre, nous avons étudié le cas de la Direction générale des ressources humaines d'Environnement Canada. Dans le cadre d'une démarche inductive et par le truchement d'une analyse documentaire, nous avons comparé deux moments dans le temps influencés par un …