Documents found
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121.More information
ABSTRACTThis paper surveys recent developments in the macroeconomic literature of real business cycle models brought about by the introduction of several aspects of government activities in the economy. Using an archetypal model of real business cycles with government, we identify the propagation mecanisms of fiscal policy. We also underline the intuition of the effects of various spending and taxation policies, which depend on both the nature and duration of the policy changes. In particular, we discuss the existence of multiplier effects and the issues related to the endogenization of fiscal policy.
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122.More information
Traditionally, the relationship between the State and Quebec universities has been established based on the latter's autonomy, a principle recognized by the Royal Commission on Education in the Province of Quebec (Parent Commission) in 1964. Considering a framework for analyzing the implementation of educational policies, incorporating socio-cognitive approaches (Lessard et al. 2008; Lessard and Carpentier, 2015), we propose the idea that institutional autonomy appears as a sectoral referential that gives meaning to the actions of members of the university community and crystallizes their vision of their role and place in society (Muller, 1995). Despite this autonomy, university as an institution remains, for some, subject to various pressures due to the action of the State that questions its autonomy. These pressures are either circumstantial (e.g., health crises such as COVID-19) or part of more global political or social developments (e.g., democratization of education, neoliberalism, etc.). Through the analysis of three targeted state interventions: (i) the University of Quebec Act and the creation of the Council of Universities (1968), (ii) the University Policy (2000) and (iii) the ministerial directives related to the COVID-19 health crisis (2020-2021), we will try to prove that these pressures result from a tension between the institutional autonomy as a sectoral referential, and the dominant global ones.
Keywords: autonomie institutionnelle, gouvernance, référentiel, rapport global/sectoriel, théorie du changement politique, institutional autonomy, governance, referential, global/sectoral relation, theory of political change
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123.More information
The objective of this paper is to study the effect of property tax rates on housing prices. The paper focuses on the way property taxes and local public expenditures affect housing prices, in the 978 communities of the South region, by using spatial econometrics. One of the most original aspects of this paper is that is applies to a very thin spatial level of analysis, the county level. The paper develops original data for housing prices, property tax rates and local public expenditures. First, an increase in the property tax rates increases the housing prices which negatively affects the housing market's exchanges. Second, this negative effect seems to be compensated when the county increases the provision of local public goods.
Keywords: Dépenses publiques locales, France, prix immobilier, taxe foncière, France, housing prices, local public spending, property tax
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124.More information
This article analyzes public policies and measures implemented since 2006 in Quebec, and aimed at making land-use planning more favourable to a physically active lifestyle and a healthy diet. The analysis is based on an inventory and coding scheme characterizing measures used for targeting changes in the physical environment, to influence diet, active and public transportation and physical activity. We compare these measures adopted by local, regional and national authorities in Quebec with the international scientific recommendations on the promotion of healthy lifestyles. This comparison is subjected to a deliberative process involving experts and stakeholders. The article presents recommendations for the most promising land-use planning policies, promoting a physically active lifestyle and healthy eating habits at the local, regional and national levels.
Keywords: Promotion de la santé, prévention des maladies chroniques, saine alimentation, activité physique, aménagement du territoire, politiques publiques favorables à la santé, Health promotion, chronic disease prevention, healthy diets, physical activity, land use planning, health promoting public policy
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126.More information
We attempt to analyze how public policy regarding the recognition of minority francophone communities (MFCs) in Canada can be envisioned in two different ways, either in terms of autonomy or integration. Following some socio-political and juridical considerations regarding the different MFCs in Canada, we will make a case for asymmetric public policies in each province and territory. We will also evaluate the weight of power relations present in the State-MFC governance patterns in the policy-making process.
Keywords: autonomie, politiques publiques, communautés francophones en situation minoritaire, communautés de langue officielle au Canada, participation politique, autonomy, public policy, minority francophone communities, official language communities in Canada, political participation
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128.More information
AbstractThis paper analyses local integration policies for immigrants as well as the social and political integration of immigrants belonging to the upper socio-professional categories. Comparing two cities in France (Mérignac) and Québec (Brossard), the authors first try to identify the variables structuring the elaboration of local integration policies. The underlying theoretical aspect of this research is to describe the emergence of policy windows which allows the municipalities to get involved in a political field formerly outside their political sphere of competence. It is also demonstrated that the municipalities aligned with the national integration models (assimilationism and interculturalism). In a second stage the reception by the immigrants of these local policies as well as their integration process is examined. Immigrants' discourses confirm the emergence of policy windows and the alignment of the municipal level with the upper government levels.
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129.More information
The bibliothèques centrales de prêt and the municipal libraries of Québec have developed simultaneously on parallel roads without any effort at systematic coordination. Starting from a reminder of the definitions of bibliothèque centrale de prêt and municipal libraries, the author identifies the limits and conditions of the development of these libraries. He insists on the specific nature of the needs to be filled, rather than on criteria based on the size of municipality, to decide on the type of library structure needed. He, then, proposes a model of a flexible coordinated regional network which draws upon the concept of urban communities and attempts to integrate the different contingencies identified.