Documents found
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131.More information
The institutionalisation of minority communities in Canada: from political communities to community policies? As an enigmatic object, communities are the topic of original analyses in Canada, which are nevertheless embedded in the dichotomy between “society-centred” and “state-centred” approaches of the politics identity. In this paper, we propose a neo-institutionalist perspective of minority communities that helps to apprehend communities as the result of the interaction between the group's (internal) social dynamics and the (external) nation-building public policies implemented by the federal government. The first part of the paper is devoted to scientific literature on minority identities which, in terms of regional nationalism or institutional completeness, considers that communities are mini-polities where the use of identity allows a collective management of community issues. In a second part, we examine recent literature suggesting that formally “weak” North American states should be considered as having a strong effective capacity for action, an “infrastructural power” to construct a meta-polity. The federal state has thus implemented community public policies that construct communities consistent with its strategies for nation-building. The conclusion focuses on the “nature” of the minority communities in Canada to question the relevance of the concept of “institutional completeness” as a bottom-up response to the top-down governmentality of the federal state.
Keywords: communauté, nationalisme minoritaire, instruments de politique publique, néo-institutionnalisme, community, minority nationalism, public policy instruments, new institutionalism
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132.More information
AbstractIn France, the Landscape Law (1993) encourages local authorities to target the conservation and development of landscapes in their planning policies. How can public policies reconcile a sensitive perception of landscapes with the sort of territorial scale involved in their implementation? At various territorial scales (in this case the geographical setting of the Pays de la Loire), a concern for landscape can take different directions. But these new scales in landscape planning create problems for their managers: the territorial dimension of the landscape management project in question also induces conflicts between the various participants defending the perceptions of landscapes that they hold as their own and transform into instruments of their views, interests and targets.
Keywords: Paysage, territoire, représentation, politique d'aménagement, évaluation paysagère, conflit, Pays de la Loire, Landscape, territory, representationy, planning policy, landscape assessment, conflict of uses, Pays de la Loire
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133.More information
AbstractThe European Water Framework Directive of 2000 promotes an integrated water management that concentrates on the adoption of procedural rules on territorial planning and participation. From a historical comparison of institutional water regimes in six European countries, we argue that integrated and sustainable water management cannot be reached solely through the introduction of new procedures, but that it requires changes in substantial rules that lead to a redistribution of water uses.
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134.More information
This article reports some of the principal findings from a research project undertaken by a large group of scholars over the past seven years. Our focus was on how intergovernmental negotiations produce policy in Canadian municipalities, and on the role of ‘social forces' in the policy making process. We have been particularly interested in municipal governments, both as participants in intergovernmental relations and as hubs of networks of local social forces. Our results, overall, paint a thorough picture of multilevel governance in Canada. Here, I have selected findings that bear on questions of accountability and effectiveness. After a brief introduction, and an account of the research, these themes are taken up in turn. I conclude with general findings about multilevel governance in Canada and about the position of municipal governments in the Canadian system.
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This paper analyses the relevance of the concept of territorial development to the governance of Québec's public forests. Starting from the idea that we are currently experiencing a crisis in the industrial model of forestry management, the article examines signs of the emergence of a new model, focused on territorial development. A twofold approach is used in this article : an analysis of public policy is followed by a study of local and regional forestry practices. This examination of local mechanisms leads to the conclusion that a certain amount of room is made for the expression of specific territorial dynamics, in terms of both the specificity of the dynamics between local stakeholders and the territorial representations of the forest.
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138.More information
France has no national policy on the social and solidarity economy. For there to be a national policy, there has to be the recognition of the need to create one and the political will to pursue it, without forgetting to equip it with the necessary and adequate means to be effective and applicable to everyone. Do these conditions exist in France? To answer the question, we have to look at the institutional relationship between the social and solidarity economy and government in the recent past, at the difficulty of putting the aim of the social and solidarity economy into public policy, from the creation of the Délégation interministérielle à l'économie sociale (DIES) to the Vercamer Report (section I), and at the various underlying notions about its scope and where it belongs in government, as reflected in the various laws and acts that concern the sector (section II). From this analysis, it appears that since 1991 the social economy has never been considered as a whole. Its fragmentation probably partly explains the change in the relationship between the social and solidarity economy and government over the past thirty years from joint management to competition (section III).
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139.More information
AbstractThis article examines the notions of laïcité that are promoted by Quebec's main political parties. Through an analysis of the briefs submitted by political parties to the Bouchard-Taylor Commission, I propose a typology of their notions of laïcité. I examine the correspondences and divergences between these representations and the final proposals of the Bouchard-Taylor Commission.
Keywords: parti politique, laïcité, commission Bouchard-Taylor, représentation, accommodement raisonnable, political party, laïcité, Bouchard-Taylor Commission, reasonnable accommodation