Documents found
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182.More information
The rise of an elite private philanthropy is one of the main highlights of the past two decades. Evolving more and more in a partnership logic with governments and community groups, philanthropy, and most specifically “investment philanthropy,” is a major player in the emergence of “social governance.” From the cases of the Harlem Children's Zone—a non-profit organization in New York—and the Fondation Lucie et André Chagnon in Quebec, this comparative study analyzes how the triangular relationship between philanthropic, community and public actors affects the development of social policies. This study highlights how social governance contributes to a reconfiguration of the links between the State and civil society and to a certain openness in public policy processes. But it also tells us about the limited nature of this openness, about the balance of power within this process, and about the evolution of relations between the State and civil society in two North American contexts.
Keywords: philanthropie élitaire, philanthropie d'investissement, gouvernance du social, politiques sociales, elite philanthropy, investment philanthropy, social governance, social policies
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183.More information
Ce mémoire fait l'étude comparative de différentes politiques publiques canadiennes et américaines basée sur l'incidence qu'elles ont sur la pauvreté. Les politiques mise [i.e. mises] en cause sont: les pensions, l'assurance-chômage, les prestations familiales et l'aide sociale. En plus de présenter un volet empirique, cette étude est également théorique car une nouvelle méthodologie y est développée pour mesurer l'effet de ces politiques sur la pauvreté. Cette approche, est inspirée de la valeur de Shapley qui fut à l'origine développée dans le cadre de la théorie des jeux coopératifs. Pour faire l'analyse des politiques, les indices de pauvreté utilisés sont ceux de la classe Foster-Greer-Thorbecke. Par cette étude, nous montrons entre autres que les politiques canadiennes sont plus généreuses que les politiques américaines et ce, même …
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184.More information
The arrival of Uber has led to a minor revolution owing to its innovative concept of taxi services. The new concept was made possible by a digital application (the platform) that can pair drivers with passengers. Uber's arrival could have been beneficial to the entire industry, but it took place, in Quebec, with no regard for the longstanding players and, above all, for the regulations then in force, which were, thereby, weakened and, then, demolished. The industry was finally deregulated.This research is based on a longitudinal case study of the transformation of Quebec's taxi industry following Uber's arrival. It looks more specifically at the role of the state and the platform in public policy-making. Our main takeaway: the Uber platform gained importance and assumed a distinctive role in development of these public policies as it became a “regulatory entrepreneur.” Through analysis of the disruptions leading to deregulation, it is possible to assess the government's regulatory responses during those transformations, the processes and criteria that guided the development of new rules and the leading actors. To study this “regulatory factory” (Guy Rocher) and the platform's special role in that process, we rely on an analytical grid that brings together innovation and the public good into our understanding of public policy-making in a digital economy context.
Keywords: Uber, taxi, plateformes numériques, politiques publiques, déréglementation, Québec, Uber, taxi, digital platforms, public policies, deregulation, Quebec
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185.
Le sport dans les « territoires de projet » ou les chemins tortueux de la coopération intercommunale
More informationAt a time when France has committed to new territorial reforms, this article examines the effects of strengthening intermunicipal cooperation from the processes implemented in the field of public sports. Building on several studies, this analysis is centered on the stakeholders and the way they can use this rescaling. It also examines the models of sports organization which are affected by these changes. If “project areas” encompassing groups of municipalities are regularly selected and presented as “good” coordinative and regulative spatial scales of public sports organizing, the ability to format such organizing and to impose it on other actors still remains a considerable challenge.
Keywords: Sport, intercommunalité, changement d'échelle, réformes territoriales, Sport, intermunicipal cooperation, political rescaling, territorial reforms, Deporte, intercomunalidad, cambio de escala, reformas territoriales
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186.More information
This article is a reflection on policy evaluation practices in Québec Ministry of Health and Social Services. It proposes different ways of improving the linkages between policy implementation and evaluation. The strategy of « accompanying evaluation », which is presented in the article, does not constitute a new type of evaluation. It serves rather to promote an open-minded attitude on the part of the evaluator concerning the realities of implementing policies. A discussion of the evaluation of Québec's mental health policy illustrates the approach.
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187.More information
This paper highlights new relations between state and civil society in the case of French local migration policies towards, and more specifically social inclusion policies. It is based on a multi-site ethnographic fieldwork in three cities. It shows a progressive institutionalization of voluntary action in public policy. We studied “insertion devices” (services for integration and active labour market policies) enacted by the State and contracted out to associations, having precarious European migrants — labelled as “Rom” and living in inadequate housing —, as target groups. The article proposes a two-step analysis: a first step that goes back to the choice of state services to entrust third-party “operator” by setting up “inclusion service”, by defining the role of each stakeholder, particularly volunteer individuals or organizations; a second time that concerns the choices made by these operators in terms of recruitment and selection of volunteers according to different criteria. The hypothesis developed through the article concerns the fact that migration policies are partially built on strategies of channelling, distancing and institutionalizing a depoliticized non-profit intervention.
Keywords: politiques publiques, travail social, intermédiation sociale, action collective et associations, travail bénévole et travail militant, carrières militantes, carrières professionnelles, migration, politiques migratoires, gouvernance locale, public policies, social work, mediation, collective action, associations, volunteer work and activism, militant careers, migration policies, local governance
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188.More information
AbstractAn examination of French policies against violence reveals that a distinction exists between those addressing “public security” and those termed policies combating “violence against women.” Statistics on crimes and victims measure public security, and for the most part refer to public not private spaces. Therefore they under-report violence against women that occurs in “private”. However, they also inadequately take into account violent acts against women in public. There are, however, other examples available from countries that treat the matter otherwise.
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189.More information
This article discusses the government of cities. After clarifying the concepts of government, governance, governing and governability as well as the metropolis in a first part, the author focuses on the so many attempts to create a metropolitan government in recent decades. He thus provides a tough but realistic assessment of failures and partial success of institutional reforms engaged in the most democratic countries, but also more recent initiatives presented under the concept of governance (strategic planning, “new regionalism” cooperation between actors, urban political regimes, etc..). In a second step, he explains the rather negative assessment because of the permanence of unresolved obstacles as the ambiguous role of the states, the reluctance and even the opposition from local communities and city centers and finally, the refusal of the populations through the instruments of local democracy. The last part focuses on the importance of political action and the two main projects that must be implemented to make metropolis of political territories : the construction of a metropolitan identity and that of a territorial leadership otherwise, the metropolitan government will remain unlikely.
Keywords: métropoles, gouvernement, gouvernance, gouvernabilité, action politique, metropolis, government, governance, governability, political action, metrópolis, gobierno, gobernanza, gobernabilidad, acción política
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190.More information
The proposals of the Rochon Commission conceming the mode of state intervention in the health care sector in Quebec follow the same overall paths to a solution as did the Castonguay-Nepveu Commission. The theoretical approaches normally used do not allow for an interpretation of this episode as a whole in the formulation of public health care policy. However this interpretation can be quite revealing, and an approach combining the structural theory of Giddens and the structural analysis of Lemieux appears promising.