Documents found
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191.More information
Carolina Gutierrez Ruiz (ATER, CERAPS‐UMR8026, Université de Lille 2) and Bastien Sibille (Canada Research Chair in Governance and Citizenship, Université de Montréal) investigate the concept of an epistemic community to analyze the governance of political systems whose primary role is to create legitimate knowledge upon which subsequent governmental and political decisions may be based. To this end, the authors' analysis is articulated around two questions : 1. Is the creation of epistemic communities related to a need to know as expressed by the political authorities ? 2. Is the integration of new knowledge into public action effected by means of a transfer of ideas or rather a transfer of individuals ? To answer these questions, the authors investigate the epistemic community that contributed to the development and decentralization of politics and administration in Chile.
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193.More information
In Quebec, both the provincial and municipal governments are responsible for the development of general guidelines and programs related to the management of diversity, and otherwise referred to as interculturalism. The responsibility pertaining to social and economic integration of newcomers belongs to the provincial government, while its implementation is ensured on a local scale by the municipalities. Consequently, each level of administration acts in accordance to its respective delegated powers, but also to promote certain values or goals. By identifying the interventions of the five largest municipalities in Quebec (Montreal, Quebec, Laval, Gatineau, Longueuil), and by distinguishing the three constitutive dimensions of interculturalism (instrumental, humanist and civic), it appears that the humanistic objectives, which seek to promote social cohesion, communication, openness to difference and respect for human rights, are more numerous than those belonging to the instrumental and civic dimensions. On the other hand, the means proposed by municipalities are more instrumental and favour a « clientelist relationship ». The civic dimension is least present. Nevertheless, there are great disparities between the five selected municipalities, which are presented in this article.
Keywords: Rocher, interculturalisme, politiques publiques, Québec, Montréal, villes, Rocher, Interculturalism, Public Policies, Quebec, Montreal, Cities, Rocher, interculturalismo, políticas públicas, Quebec, Montreal, ciudades
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194.More information
AbstractAfter a summary of the main characteristics of four systems for presenting public sector revenue and expenditure in Canada, the paper examines the problems in the definition of the public sector universe or the delimitation of its boundaries and in the division between general government and government enterprise. Moreover, the interpretation of the data on the public sector is made difficult by the fact that the existing statistical Systems do not provide enough information on many relevant objects. Finally, the central problem in the analysis of government activity remains the measurement of the volume of government services.
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195.More information
The aim of this paper is to establish empirically the relationship between the exchange rate regime and fiscal cyclicality. To this end, we estimate several variants of the reaction function of government consumption expenditures specified as a dynamic panel based on a sample of 34 African countries over the period 1980-2012. Implementing the GMM method in difference (DIFF-GMM) as developed by Arellano and Bond (1991), and adopting the de facto classification of Reinhart and Rogoff (2004), we found that fiscal procyclicality is amplified in fixed and intermediate exchange rate regimes while it is weakened in flexible exchange rate regime.
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196.More information
This article presents the results of a study undertaken as part of a doctoral research project. Twelve elected Québec municipal officials were surveyed regarding their perception of the mission of public libraries. Their perception, either as elected officials, individuals or users, is that libraries are passive and traditional. These elected officials cannot imagine a library other than the one they know and with which they are generally satisfied. In spite of the limits of public libraries regarding values, the public, the personnel and the range of services offered, the position of the elected officials is quite similar to that of the public and converges with that of the professionals.
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197.More information
This article shows how populations targeted by the basic mandatory health insurance program who cannot cover the amount of their contribution reconstruct and reconfigure the sense given to categories such as household, merit and targeting. Our analyses are based on a qualitative corpus built using semi-structured interviews and an ethnographic immersion in communities created on social media. These categories not only constitute constraining statistical and legal entities, they are also resources through which targeted populations can take action. They are socially reconfigured because they are associated with specific well-defined resources.
Keywords: ménage, mérite, ciblage, construction sociale des populations ciblées, construction sociale de la légalité, Household, merit, targeting, reconfiguration, social construction of targeted populations, social construction of legality, Familia, mérito, focalización, reconfiguración, construcción social de las poblaciones metas, construcción social de la legalidad
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198.More information
AbstractPublic services delivered in French urban areas for their young residents, just as public policies for youth, are particularly subject to tensions inherent in public service design (the public-private mix; equality-differentiation, etc.) as well as to contradictions of a geographical, sectoral and technical nature. Whether cultural, educational, for sport or for delinquency-prevention, policies targeted to youth aim to reduce these contradictions, taking into account the tensions and getting beyond them via administrative innovations and being close to the ground. The result is adaptation of public services to the client, geographically targeted interventions, programmes that are transversal and provided in partnership. But these policies are themselves dualistic. On the one hand there are the more or less up-dated traditional universal interventions and on the other there are the “new social policies” that are limited to certain places and certain clienteles. The inevitable tensions are not entirely eliminated.
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199.More information
As a result of internationalisation policies, Singapore is now one of the world's most selective centres of higher education. How did these policies take hold in Singapore? Did they develop according to a Western hegemonic model? Has competition between public and private institutions intensified? Have the student elites been renewed? To answer these questions, the article analyses the impact of internationalisation dynamics on the higher education system in Singapore over the past fifty years. The intensification of the international dimension in Singapore reflects a reconfiguration of the structuring of its education and the production of its elites. On the basis of a field survey combining analysis of interviews with institutional actors, political discourse and documentary sources, the article shows that Singaporean public universities have become elite training programmes ranked among the best in Asia, welcoming primarily the most academically gifted national students, whose flows have been increasing since 2010 to the detriment of international students. On the other hand, the lucrative private system of off-shore institutions in Singapore meets high quality requirements and enables the recruitment of a larger number of mobile students. The result is a dichotomy between a public elite trained in the more academically selective national universities and a private elite embodied in the more economically selective private institutions. The survey shows that Singaporean higher education has achieved regional dominance through decisions based on values inspired by both the technologically developed Western world and the rapidly growing Eastern world.
Keywords: internationalisation, enseignement supérieur, Singapour, mobilité étudiante, fabrication des élites, internationalization, higher education, Singapore, student mobility, making of élites
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200.More information
In a context of climate change, coastal territories are more and more subject to flood and erosion hazards. In the meantime, the concentration of issues in these areas is increasing the risks. Thus, setting up erosion and flood management strategies becomes essential. In France and in Quebec, coastal risk management is reflected by the establishment of public policies, affecting closely or remotely this topic. Their analysis offers the possibility to understand, and with which tools, the way different administrative levels, in particular the Public Inter-municipality Cooperation Establishments in France and the Regional County Municipalities in Quebec, manage these risks. The functioning of the two systems is highlighted, on the one hand by a thematic comparison of public policies, and, on the other hand, using an archetype of territory, concretizing their application on the ground. These two approaches make it possible to underline the particularities and similarities of the two systems but also their strengths and weaknesses in the implementation of sustainable public policies applied to adapt to the consequences of climate change on the coasts.
Keywords: risques côtiers, submersion marine, érosion côtière, analyse comparée, politiques publiques, archétype de territoire, France, Québec, coastal risks, coastal flooding, coastal erosion, comparative analysis, public policy, hypothetical archetypes of territories, France, Quebec