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Universities provide great connectivity and legitimacy for resident start-up businesses. Yet, the graduation rate for resident statup businesses remains lower than that of other incubators. There are four value-added elements: networking, mentoring, connectivity, and branding.  We suggest that there is a need for university incubators to develop a structural connectivity model. After examining four Canadian incubators, we propose a structural connectivity model in which incubators have developed business models where funding stakeholders are involved in other critical components of the incubation process. In other cases, incubators rely on management experience to embody this connection between components.  The highest-ranking incubators demonstrate both structural and agentic connectivity, suggesting that agentic connectivity is necessary for the development of structural connectivity. Furthermore, structural connectivity is characterized by the development of an agentic and self-sustaining entrepreneurial ecosystem.

Keywords: University incubator, Incubateur universitaire, entrepreunarial ecosystem, écosystème entrepreunarial, business startup, démarrage d'entreprise, start-ups, start-ups

Through this study, we sought to understand the determinants of the resilience of healthcare staff during the COVID-19 health crisis. Its goal was to gain a deep understanding of the motives, forces and processes at work in the complex dynamics of resilience. It seems all the more crucial to gain such understanding, given that there seem to be lessons to be learned for a rethinking of working conditions in public hospitals. In particular, during the current pandemic, the healthcare staff seem more than ever exposed to psychosocial risks and to a working life that has never been so stressful.The study was carried out among the healthcare staff at a public hospital in Tunisia, and its findings show that resilience results from the activation of predispositions, protective factors and resources that are as much personal as they are interpersonal and sociocultural. Resilience is not a spontaneous response in a work context marked by adversity and uncertainty. It results from a mix involving personal dispositions, group dynamics, social support, family stability, leadership style and situational contingencies. Our findings further show that resilience generates real added value for patients, for caregivers and for healthcare practice as much in human, healthcare and ethical terms as in economic terms. Developing resilience is a responsibility to be shared between healthcare staff, the hospital system, health authorities, managers and leaders of healthcare institutions.

Keywords: Résilience, personnel soignant, crise sanitaire Covid-19, étude qualitative, hôpital public, resilience, healthcare staff, COVID-19 health crisis, qualitative study, public hospital

The creation of national parks and nature reserves in Côte d'Ivoire is guided by the objective of guaranteeing the protection and conservation of natural forest resources. This process began with the Banco National Park that went from a status of forest station in 1926 to that of national park in 1953. Due to its geographical location, the Banco national park is classified as one of the world's urban parks. The Banco national park, a rich natural heritage, is subject to degradation and various forms of pollution. The results of an exhaustive survey indicate that a combination of factors, namely major urban population and land pressures, together with socio-economic and politico-military crises, combined with institutional weaknesses have resulted in the fragmentation of the park's northeast section, known as the Sagbé Triangle (52 ha). In total, 1,134 informal economic actors moved to the area in successive waves between 1987 and 2013. Fortunately, almost all (95.6%) the economic actors on the Sagbé Triangle sites are willing to vacate the park while, for the time being, continuing to work there, as a result of the State's passivity and surrender of its sovereign in the protection of protected areas. Needed today to ensure the sustainable conservation of the Banco national park are effective eviction enforcement measures, the construction of a fence at least 14.2 km in length and the implementation of a participatory management system.

Keywords: Aire protégée, conservation, faiblesse institutionnelle, gestion participative, parc national du Banco, Côte d'Ivoire, Protected area, conservation, institutional weaknesses, participatory management, Banco national park, Côte d'Ivoire, Aire protegido, conservación, debilidad institucional, gestión participativa, Parque Nacional du Banco, Costa de Marfil

This article constitutes a bibliographic compilation of references of French-language writings, published between 1991 and 1998. The references focus on the subject of "women and education" and "women, education and social development". The 206 references compiled were taken from two computerized versions of the FRANCIS database: the CD-ROM version, produced by the Institut de l'information scientifique et Technique, a division of the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (INIST-CNRS) in Paris, which covers 1991-1996, and the Internet version, produced by INIST-CNRS and the Getty Information Institute (Gil), which covers 1997-1998.