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The Inuit Language Protection Act (ILPA) is a recent Nunavut statute. The only one of its kind in Canada, it is even more ambitious than Quebec's Charter of the French Language. A controversial statute, some question whether the legislator has exceeded its competence in adopting certain of its provisions. Indeed, section 3 of the ILPA aims to require federal departments, agencies, or institutions operating in Nunavut to provide public services and to display signs in the Inuit language, even when these organizations are acting within an area of federal legislative competence. Sections 29, 30, and 34 of the ILPA provide for the mandatory preparation of an Inuit Language Plan, detailing how an organization will comply with the legislation. The languages commissioner, who possesses broad powers of investigation in order to ensure compliance with the legislation, must approve this plan. At first glance, these sections seem to contradict the established rule that a government can legislate with respect to language provided that this legislation is ancillary to its own areas of competence. This rule derives from certain particularities of the Constitution Act, 1867. However, further analysis leads to the conclusion that this conceptual framework does not apply to Nunavut. The latter holds the power to require, on its territory, the use of the Inuit language by federal departments, agencies, and institutions.

In this study based on the so-called testing method, 581 pairs of fictitious CVs were sent out in response to real job offers in both qualified and less-qualified employment sectors. The matching CVs were similar in all respects, except that one mentioned a Franco-Quebec name and the other an Arab, Latin-American or African name. However, despite identical profiles, the candidates from the majority population had at least 60 % more chances of being invited to an interview than the candidates from racial minorities, and slightly more than one time out of three, employers left racial minority candidates entirely out of consideration.

Keywords: testing, discrimination, racisme, minorités racisées, recrutement, marché du travail, testing, discrimination, racism, racial minorities, recruitment, job market

This article describes the management of process safety in a French industrial site of a US transnational chemical company. The actors of this French subsidiary of an US group are subject to several regulations and standards at national level, but also at a supra national level, especially European. They must implement them in a particular socio-technical context that requires adaptations. These adjustments are often the subject of various negotiations between the actors of the factory under consideration, with the actors of the group (corporate) and the national control authorities. These actors have indeed to deal with the process safety management regulation developed in the US at the federal level and translated into production and safety standards (procedures, tools, etc.) to regulate process safety in an increasingly homogeneous manner in the various sites around the world. It is therefore an empirical presentation of legal pluralism that this text invites.

Keywords: Sécurité industrielle, Process safety, Internormativité, Legal pluralism, Ajustements, Adjustments, Transformations, Transformations

This article explores challenges that Francophone newcomers face at their arrival in a francophone community in a minority context in Canada, as well as the impact of these obstacles on, and moderating factors associated to, the integration process. A qualitative research was conducted, using semi-structured interviews with sixty immigrants or refugees in three Canadian cities. The most challenging obstacle is the language barrier, as it has a direct impact on social integration and employment-seeking. The migration experience also has an impact on mental health, interpersonal relationships and physical health. Social support and personal resilience foster adaptation into the host community.

Keywords: immigration, francophones, intégration, contexte linguistique minoritaire, immigration, francophones, integration, linguistic minority context

The Roma are the sole people in Europe (still) having a living customary law system. In this article, we intend to explore and to analyse the hypostases of the interaction between the customary law of the Roma in Romania and the Romanian law system. To do so, we will first briefly present the theoretical framework guiding our analytical demarche, namely normative pluralism. Then, we will present the main differences between the two legal orders in relation with the two modes of social and political organization. Finally, we will sketch and explore the three hypostases of the interaction between the Roma customary law and the Romanian state law — the official non-coplanarity, the marginal intersection and the exceptional subordination.

Keywords: Droit coutumier, droit étatique, communautés roms, Roumanie, hypostases de l'interaction, Customary law, state law, Roman communities, Romania, hypostases of interaction