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This research contributes to the field of entrepreneurship support by providing knowledge on pre-incubation. Pre-incubation remains to be defined in particular by considering the lack of empirical work. Our work is based on the pre-incubator of the University of Bordeaux, Ubee Lab, which supports student-entrepreneurs with the twofold objective of helping their projects to gain in maturity and to make them more convincing. The head of Ubee Lab expressed the problem of the lack of a method built around the now widespread concept of Business Model. More precisely, the method, in addition to pursuing the two previous objectives, had to encourage the commitment of the students by sequencing the progress of their projects. The method also had to be formalised in order to be integrated by future new employees of Ubee Lab, this type of structure experiencing a high turnover. In this way, the method professionalizes the employees of the pre-incubator and contributes to their recognition in the ecosystem of entrepreneurial support. This action-research is thus of engineering significance by providing a method expected by the actors in the field and by drawing elements from it which contributes to better understand pre-incubation. This building of knowledge seems necessary for entrepreneurial support ecosystems and entrepreneurial education ecosystems since the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation encourages universities to, among other things, support students with an entrepreneurial project.

Keywords: Préincubateur, Incubateur, Accompagnement entrepreneurial, Méthode d'accompagnement, Écosystème entrepreneurial, Étudiant-entrepreneur, Business model, Université entrepreneuriale, Pre-incubator, Incubator, Entrepreneurial support, Support method, Entrepreneurial ecosystem, Student-entrepreneur, Business model, Entrepreneurial university, Pre-incubadora, Incubadora, Apoyo al emprendimiento, Método de apoyo, Ecosistema emprendedor, Estudiante-emprendedor, Modelo de negocio, Universidad emprendedora

The aim of this research is to explore corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in decentralised territorial communities (DTCs) in Cameroon and to characterise those that are most conducive to sustainable local development. To achieve this, interviews were conducted with 12 district councils in the “Centre” region of the country, selected by convenience. The data collected over a four-week period was subjected to computerised content analysis. Analysed through the prism of its three traditional aspects (social, economic and environmental), CSR within the sampled districts takes on several consonances depending on the contextual variables. The main results obtained show that the CSR initiatives identified within the districts are conducive to sustainable local development through the well-being of the personnel and the population (improved living conditions), the economic development of the town or village (sustainable economic infrastructures and local entrepreneurship) and the preservation of the environment (a healthy environment). These results give a unique colour to CSR in the world of DTCs and allow us to discover new depths of CSR.

Keywords: RSE, CSR, CTD, DTC, développement local durable, sustainable local development

The Lyons' Musée des Confluences successfully launched in 2009 a series of public debates in association with Oullins' Théâtre de la Renaissance and Sens Public. As the theater's director, Jean Lacornerie focuses his creation on a musical program. Aaron Copland's opera The tender land emphasises the social distress of the Thirties, challenging our understanding of the current long term crisis we are facing.

In this article, we will sketch a historical portrait of the video game sector in Quebec, both on the geographical plane (from Montreal to Quebec City through Trois-Rivières and other off-centred studios) and for different firm types (from the large studios to independent developers and amateurs). This historical overview will shed light on the challenges and characteristics of this sector which straddles both the technology and cultural industries in three stages : 1) the explorations of amateur entrepreneurs and enthusiasts; 2) the colonisation by large foreign firms and the injection of foreign capital which stimulated industry growth; 3) the structuration of independent developers (notably with La Guilde du jeu video du Québec) and the post-fission transition to a sustainable development of the sector. Our overview will cover the factual aspects of the industry, issues of contents and creative processes, and the challenges of achieving cultural sovereignty in a business sector based on liberalized markets, the free flow of capital, and a dematerialized digital economy.

Keywords: Jeu vidéo, Industrie, Histoire, Économie, Video game, Industry, History, Economy

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of key findings from systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the effect of leadership on mental health and well-being in the workplace, and to provide a critical analysis of their application to expatriated workers. The Medline, EMBASE, EBM and Web of Knowledge databases were accessed with keywords specific to leadership, mental health and well-being. The results show that despite the increase in studies to examine the effects of leadership on mental health in an organizational context, the issue remains understudied in international human resources management. To this end, recommendations are made to ensure that supervisors are better equipped to respond to situations where subordinates are deployed abroad.

Keywords: Métacritique, leadership, santé et mieux-être au travail, travailleurs expatriés

AbstractCan the practice of child fostering help to level out educational inequalities in Africa? The authors of this study hypothesize that this levelling effect is dependent on three parameters of child fostering, that is, its prevalence, distribution, and beneficial effect on the education of fostered children. The researchers use family histories to evaluate these three parameters in Cameroon. They find that, although fostering is still common, it has only a limited effect in reducing educational inequalities because, in terms of access to the fostering network and its educational impact, it does not primarily help the most disadvantaged. These findings suggest that policies to reduce educational inequalities in Africa cannot solely count on the informal networks of solidarity set up through fostering.