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AbstractContemporary research in geography in Quebec appears to be divided between social and cultural geography. A similar tendency has been observed in France by Christine Chivallon. In each nation there is, however, a tendency towards reconciling the two per-spectives. Many social geographers deal with questions of representation and identity, and cultural geographers do not hesitate to refer to the social in their study of place. In Quebec, especially, both geographies show a similar interest in the spatial encounter of populations with unequal access to power, within a framework concerned with the issue of the nation. A comparative analysis of recent work conducted by two young geographers interested in the relationships of the social and the cultural, one French, the other from Quebec, shows how their trajectories meet, despite differences due to the particular context in which their knowledge is produced. This convergence reminds us of the evolution which led to the emergence of the new cultural geography in English-speaking countries in the 1980s. Would French-speaking geog-raphers from France and Quebec be in the process of creating a new social geography on both sides of the Atlantic?

Keywords: Géographie sociale, géographie culturelle, France, Québec, territoire, nation, savoir géographique, nouvelle géographie sociale de langue française, Social geography, cultural geography, France, Quebec, place, nation, geographical knowledge, new French-speaking social geography

This article describes collective work among teachers of traditionally male trades in vocational training in Quebec as well as obstacles to teachers' collective work. As part of the interpretative paradigm, this exploratory study is based on the model of the work situation centered on the person in activity and aims to suggest transformations of the work situation that improve the health and well-being of teachers. A qualitative methodological framework was utilized. Interviews and observations were conducted with 12 teachers from diverse backgrounds. Analysis of the results reveals that collective work involves various forms of interaction (mutual assistance, collaboration and cooperation) that allow teachers to collaborate, to develop new skills and to regulate their workload. However, this collective work is undermined by organizational and social factors; some of which affect all teachers while others are specific to women.

Keywords: travail collectif, enseignement en formation professionnelle, métier à prédominance masculine, genre, ergonomie de l'activité, collective work, teaching in vocational education, male-dominated profession, gender, ergonomics, Trabajo colectivo, enseñanza en formación profesional, oficio de predominancia masculina, género, ergonomía de la actividad

The history of political and cultural relations between Quebec and France has been the subject of numerous studies, several of which have been devoted to the analysis of discourses that have imprinted a double image of France in the minds of Quebecers. Either the image of the “Ancien Régime,” a monarchical, Catholic, and conservative France admired by the majority of intellectuals in the first half of the 20th century; or the model of the Third Republic, a republican, secular, liberal, and modern France, with which a minority of Quebecers from the same period identified. In general, we are fairly well informed about the allegiance of both groups through their writings.However, much less is known about France's views on Quebec. The thinking of French intellectuals and artists about Quebec seems to be, at the very least, more reserved. Beyond the general observations published by French artists following their meetings with Quebecers living in France, or following their return from tours in America, what did they really think of the Quebecers they met in France or Quebec? Has it ever been mentioned in their correspondence?We therefore wish to explore the nature of the exchanges in French and Quebec musical circles, which seem to be tainted with some misunderstandings. Admiration on one side, indifference on the other? As France directed its gaze toward the United States, Quebec was staring at France. This ambiguity raises the question: which France did Quebec musicians dream of? To answer this question, we will study the evolution of the views of both groups during the interwar period, followed by the transformation of mentalities during the 1940s.

SummaryThe issue of links between schools and families is addressed in an analysis of the ways schools account for languages learned at home. A language socialization perspective is adopted as a theoretical lens to examine ethnographic data documenting the experiences of two students from immigrant families who were observed over seven years and were enrolled in a French Immersion program in the Vancouver area. Data gathered at school and in the family setting are compared to illustrate how multilingual students' language resources might be validated or not at all recognized by schools.

Keywords: immigration, immersion, école, famille, plurilinguisme, immigration, immersion, school, family, multilingualism, inmigración, inmersión, escuela, familia, plurilingüismo

This paper uses a comparative case study approach to assess convergence between three areas of Canadian, US, and Mexican policy that shape (im)migrant access to health and social services. These three areas include key policies and programs in relation to Immigration and Citizenship rights; Temporary and Foreign Labour Visa Programs; and Health and Human Services programs and policies. The paper takes a meso-level approach and compares policy and programming trends among public and private organizational actors and fields in Canada, the US, and Mexico at societal, political and technical levels. Ultimately, the paper finds that despite local level innovation, there is a large degree of agreement in all three policy areas, as well as increasing convergence at social, political, and technical levels. Theoretically, the paper contributes to recent debates about how to assess policy convergence, as well as debates about the impact of globalization on policy convergence. Practically, understanding local dynamics of immigration and health policy convergence serves to develop realistic and informed policy and programs at the international, national, and local levels.

Keywords: réforme de la gouvernance, nouveaux principes de pilotage, accès au réel de l’activité, accompagnement, conseiller pédagogique, directeurs

SummaryIn medical care, there is a strong imperative to rapidly adopt new therapeutic technology. This paper considers focuses on the specific case of innovative health care technologies to consider the issue of how contemporary societies make choices concerning health producing investments. The paper reviews the contemporary practices of formal health technology assessment and presents two case studies which illustrate some of the challenges in making rational choices in this area. The paper concludes with an argument to evaluate social and economic interventions for their contribution to health, proposing that the most effective strategy for reducing the singular claim of medical technology on society's resources allocated to producing health may lie in increasing the competition for those resources.

According to the Supreme Court of Canada, the right set out in subsection 20(1) of the Charter to communicate with and to receive services from a federal institution in English or French must be interpreted broadly and liberally in light of its cultural and remedial purpose in order to change the status quo and foster substantive equality on this subject. With this in mind, an analysis of the relevant case law makes it possible to better define the content of this right, but also to appreciate its scope and full potential. To this end, this analysis reveals that this constitutional right extends along a spectrum ranging from identical services to different services for each of the official language communities, in order to fully achieve substantive linguistic equality.