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The catering sector has been greatly affected by the health crisis and continues to have difficulty attracting and retaining its workforce. Based on comparative researches between France, Italy and Quebec, this article aims to show how the ordinary normativity that prevails in this sector has been undermined by the health crisis, the consequences of which are still being felt today. In all three contexts, catering is largely based on what we call « flexible mobilisation regimes» for youngsters experimenting access to autonomy by different ways. Youngsters usually consent to the sector's working and employment conditions within a framework of social relations between generations that is reproduced at the very heart of the work. However, the health crisis and the governments’ aids have unbalanced the way the sector operates. The support given to companies and employees is part of a normative frame of reference that has highlighted the atypical nature of the wage system in the catering industry and has helped to destabilise the flexible mobilisation systems that tend to prevail in the sector.

Keywords: Restaurant industry, Restauration, COVID-19, COVID-19, jeunesse, Youth, Flexibility, Flexibilité, comparaison internationale, International comparison

The objective of this introduction is to present the contributions to this issue on happiness. Beforehand, we tackle a few themes that seem to have great interest : the « rewards » of happiness, its contagion, the reticence toward it, the connection with nature and fine arts that form good constituents of happiness and, lastly, genetic and epigenetic aspects of happiness.

Keywords: bonheur, émotions positives, émotions négatives, happiness, positive emotions, negative emotions

This article proposes the Kingdon-Khan Model (KKM) as an extension of John Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Model (MSM) of agenda setting. While the MSM is comprehensively used to explain how issues reach policymakers’ agendas, it underrepresents the influence of media, public opinion, and social movements on agenda setting. To address this limitation, the KKM introduces a fourth “social stream” encompassing these interrelated societal forces. Drawing on empirical research on media, public opinion, social movements, and public policy, the authors conceptualize components of social stream and its interactions with the problem, policy, and political streams. The authors illustrate the KKM’s utility through examples of the Black Lives Matter and Pro-Palestinian movements. The KKM enhances the MSM’s explanatory power by accounting for the complex, multidirectional forces influencing contemporary agenda setting.

Keywords: Kingdon-Khan Model, Modèle Kingdon-Khan, Modèle des courants multiples, Multiple Streams Model, agenda setting, mise à l’ordre du jour, media, médias, opinion publique, public opinion, mouvements sociaux, social movements, policy process, processus politique

This article investigates the mechanisms which enable reaching a compromise during a companion modeling process. The study is based on the application of companion modeling during the implementation of the meager fishery development plan in Mauritania. The elaboration of fishery development plans is embedded in Mauritanian regulations and imposes consulting local stakeholders before enacting new management rules. The companion modeling process consisted in a set of workshops aiming at building a shared vision of the meager industry and its resources. State agents were involved in this process as well as professionals (wholesalers, ship owners and fishermen) and scientific experts. Several interview campaigns were undertaken to analyze the elaboration of compromises, and workshops were observed and analyzed. Based on the assumption that participatory simulation workshops are key moments, our results show that the mechanisms that favor reaching a compromise during a companion modeling process are : social learning, unveiling, modification of the way actors interact and actors' categorization. This article also investigates the benefits of articulating the elaboration of a usual fishery development plan with a companion modeling process. The latter allows building dialog arena between all stakeholders of the fishing sector. By doing so, it ensures the quality of the deliberation process and favors the acceptance of the plan.

Keywords: modélisation d'accompagnement, concertation, compromis, gestion des pêches, Mauritanie, companion modeling, stakeholders' participation, compromise, fishery management, Mauritania

The public, and particularly investors, are demanding greater accountability from entities, specifically regarding the impact they may have on environmental, social, and governance issues. By publishing its first two standards related to sustainability, accounting standard-setting bodies are evidently aiming to become leaders in this emerging field, at least concerning the financial aspect attached to it. While the adoption of these new standards represents a promising headway, much work remains to be done, and the involvement of the accounting profession must be carried out with careful consideration of the risk to its reputation. The information published largely relies on highly specialized data, many of which lack objectivity, remain relatively vague, and some may even be tinged with a high degree of speculation.

Keywords: Governance, Gouvernance, informations financières, financial information, sustainability, durabilité, standards, normes, accounting profession, profession comptable