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In this article, the author challenges the tendency in common law Canada to conflate the distinction between State and society. Following the analysis of Kenneth Dyson, the author contends that the State occupies a distinct sphere produced by or contained in the interconstitutive relationship of State institution, on the one hand, and State idea, on the other. The State concept is presented as neither merely active nor merely passive but as involving a relationship between action and reflection, between institution and idea. The author then analyses the broadly shared public values which are contained in the Canadian State idea when viewedfrom a liberal political perspective. That these values incrementally modulate the exercise of public power — and vice versa — argues for a State-society distinction which is not generally emphasized in common law Canada.

Legal personality does not occupy in the Civil Law of Quebec the preponderant place that it generally takes in countries of the civil law tradition. This observation led the author to investigate the causes and potential consequences of such an anomaly. A comparative analysis reveals important systemic differences between the conception of legal personality in the civil law and the common law. The law of Quebec has not so far benefitted from its position at the crossroads of these two legal traditions.

The financing of small businesses (SBs) remains a key concern, which this article addresses through the study of the poorly addressed topic of the financing decision through the demand-side. The article is based on the importance of the role of the manager as a decision maker. Taking a step aside from the work in classical entrepreneurial finance, this research focuses on the building of the decision, and is based on a processual approach. To this end, the theoretical framework is based on the initial hypothesis of a manager's choice based on a proxemic logic. Seven cases are then studied empirically to explore this hypothesis, using developments from strategic decision-making in SMEs. The results reveal the existence of a behavioral spectrum ranging from proactivity to an opportunistic wait-and-see attitude among executives of SMEs. Decision-making can be modeled in four fundamental stages. They also show a limitation of the historical three-dimensional model to study the financing decision in SMEs. Finally, they suggest embracing the proxemics approach as a heuristic for small business management, particularly with respect to financing decisions.

Keywords: Financement, Petite entreprise, Demande, Proximité, Étude de cas, Financing, Small business, Demand-side, Proximity, Case study, Financiación, Pequeña empresa, Demanda, Proximidad, Estudio de caso

Household services sector in France is characterized by involuntary part-time jobs, even in permanent contracts, fixed-term contracts and multi-activity. The situation of these employees does not therefore obey a simple dual structure between permanent contracts (CDI) and short-term contracts. May this explain why, while this sector is a provider of large and growing number of jobs, employers struggle to recruit? This article is twofold: first, we shed light on the determinants of household services employee's mobility towards either stable employment or to precarity, when initially hired on temporary contracts. Second, we analyze these employees' transitions within the labor market. We estimate a competing risks model on the French Labor Force Survey 2003-2011, which allows detailed information on these employees' transitions.

The federal Parliament has delegated the authority to make follow-up dispositions regarding defendants found unfit to stand trial or not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder to provincial Review Boards. This authority may, in turn, be sub-delegated to hospitals where the accused are detained. This sub-delegation mechanism has been used more frequently by the Quebec Review Board than by any other provincial Review Board.This article presents the findings from a study of the delegation practices of the Quebec Review Board. Drawing on a review of the case-law, observations of hearings and interviews with psychiatrists, the paper describes the nature of the decisions of the Board and the use of the delegated authority by hospital administrators. An analysis of the various practices highlight the complexity of the power relationships that are established within this medico-legal proceeding in which the rights of the accused are severely tested, if not completely disregarded.

Many investors venture into financing entrepreneurial firms and innovative startups. While investor syndication has been the subject of numerous studies, few studies have focused on co-investment involving venture capital firms, business angels and investors via crowdfunding. However, it is increasingly important to analyze the interactions between these three types of funders and to study the issues and difficulties associated with cognitive and disciplinary governance within the company they finance. Thus, a broad literature review was conducted to explore the studies dealing with the financial and cognitive contribution of the three types of investors to the performance of the company, and to analyze their influence on its growth, where all three or two of them are involved in the financing process. This allowed to suggest five proposals that could be the subject of a qualitative study.

Keywords: Co-investment, Co-investissement, performance, performance, growth, croissance, entrepreneurial firms, firmes entrepreneuriales