Search Results

AbstractWoman 's Face. Between Shari'a and CustomsIn Algeria as in ail islamized societies, the conflict between modernists and fundamentalists hides another important conflict between fundamentalism and local customs. The debate about womens' veiled appearance proves it. We are attempting here to show that propagation of the fundamentalist veil manifests both an attack against maghrebian customs and against the maliki school, which for centuries has conciliated literal meaning of the religious law with local norms, litteracy and oral knowledge.Key words : Benkheira, islam, man-woman relationship, tradition, honor, fundamentalism, body

AbstractAs a field of research integrating geography and epidemiology, the analysis of neighbourhood effects on health has received increasing attention in recent years. Our research focuses on the social and material characteristics of local milieux as risk factors for health. This paper first proposes an overview of the main factors explaining the mechanisms through which conditions in a given area might influence health. We then present the empirical indicators used for measuring area effects on health and, in conclusion, identify challenges and avenues for future research.

Keywords: Effets de contexte, milieux locaux, facteurs socioenvironnementaux, inégalités sociales de santé, Contextual effects, local milieux, socioenvironmental factors, social inequalities in health, Efectos de contexto, medios locales, factores socio-medio ambientales, desigualdades sociales de salud

Although several reforms have been implemented in recent years, the professionalization of university in Spain is often questioned in international expertise reports. However, in this same context, nursing training is characterized by a long tradition of cooperation with the professional world, practice-oriented curricula, and openness towards a form of Co-operative Education training. Basing our analysis of the principle of a distinction between an offer of training and its actual uses, we wondered about the effects of these methods on the professional development of student nurses. Based on a collaborative study conducted in Spain in a faculty of nursing sciences, we highlighted the professionalizing dynamics induced by a system. Beyond the influence of contextual variables, these conjectures shed light on perceptions about Co-operative Education programs.

AbstractThe aim of this research was to analyse the impetus of entrepreneurial motivation, to identify the reasons for action taken by entrepreneurs and to assess any contextual factors. More specifically, the study answered the following question : do links exist between entrepreneurial motivation, the reasons for action taken by entrepreneurs and their perceptions in relation to their project goals ?Based on questionnaires completed by newly established business leaders, we evaluated the impetus of entrepreneurial motivation (including their needs and strengths), identified the reasons for action taken by entrepreneurs and assessed the contextual factors. This study builds on a theoretical framework derived from research into motivation and entrepreneurship. We particularly drew our inspiration from recent models that attempt to understand entrepreneurial motivation which we supplemented with a typology of reasons for action taken by entrepreneurs. A series of causal relationships were identified and tested. The analysis allowed us to draw conclusions with regard to entrepreneurial motivation.Research into motivation highlighted the reasons for action taken in relation to innovative projects. Initially, we identified development and commitment objectives among these reasons. In one case, the entrepreneur hoped his company would bring him tangible financial and material results. In another, the entrepreneur was aware that his project would require him to invest in routine management activities and difficult business practices. Research into the reasons for improvement action taken highlighted the requirements for risk management and control. The exploitation of an enabling environment satisfied the entrepreneur's requirement for control and was associated with a risk adverse entrepreneur. Projects described as adventurous, with the starting objective of tangible rewards, were likely to meet recognition requirements.

Keywords: Entrepreneuriat, Motivation, Logiques d'action, Innovation, Valorisation, Reconnaissance, Projets

The purpose of this study is to examine the links between the level of investment of small and medium-sized firms and the degree of uncertainty of business environnement and the degree of risk aversion of business leaders.The analysis makes use of qualitative data collected by the Banque de France in a national survey conducted in 1996 on the strategic behavior of 1436 small and medium-sized French industrial firms.Four management styles associated with significant differences in business uncertainty, risk aversion and investment rates are distinguished. Then a multiple regression model confirms and completes the results.It is demonstrated that the combination of uncertainty of business environment and risk aversion is negatively correlated with investment rate. In order to spur small and medium-sized firms to increase their productive investments the findings suggest to encourage business leaders to collect as much strategic informations as possible and to raise their R&D spendings.

Keywords: Investissement, Irréversibilité, Dirigeant, Incertitude, Aversion au risque

In the last decade, due to the lack of teachers in Quebec, the province has welcomed a significant number of foreign-trained teachers (MEES, 2018). Research on their learning assessment skills shows that, for those teachers who get used to the standards and values of the culture of assessment for sanction in their native countries, taking into account the professionnal conventions in their host environment is a major issue to their socio-professional integration (Morrissette & Demazière, 2018a). Drawing on the theoretical approach of the social justice of Rawls (1971), we conducted a collaborative research with a group of six teachers trained in foreign countries from “meritocratic” backgrounds, to shed light on their adaptation to the ethics of differentiation in assessment. The analyzes suggest a consentement that developped under the rhythm of negotiated identity conversion process through a socialization of resourcefulness in four phases: negation, discovery, learning, involvement.

Keywords: enseignants formés à l'étranger, éthique de la différenciation en évaluation, recherche collaborative, socialisation de la débrouille, théorie de la justice sociale, collaborative research, ethics of differentiation in assessment, foreign-trained teachers, social justice theory, socialization of resourcefulness, ética da diferenciação na avaliação, investigação colaborativa, professores formados no estrangeiro, socialização do desenrasque, teoria da justiça social

Brigitte Haentjens, well before her current renown in Montreal, first developed her artistic practice in Ontario between 1977 and 1990. She is remembered for her anti-establishment stance yet, paradoxically, this seemingly anti-intellectual and anti-academic artist nonetheless showed exceptional ease with concepts and discourse which brought her to the very heart of the Franco-Ontarian establishment, becoming Artistic Director of the Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario from 1982 to 1990 and the foundational president of the Association nationale des théâtres francophones hors-Québec from 1984 to 1990. In Ontario, she was a community-engaged artist who wasn't afraid of challenging that very community. Haentjens, a foreigner who became a most intimate member of her adopted Franco-Ontarian theatre community, insisted on the importance of proactive and well-articulated advocacy in the face of assimilation and social intimidation. This article offers a historiography and an overview of the evolving discourse of the director in her interviews, opinion pieces and articles during her pivotal and formative years in Ontario.

This article analyzes the influence of coworking spaces on the entrepreneurial intention of employees who work there. A quantitative study was carried out in France among 126 workers who frequent a coworking space. We test a conceptual model explaining entrepreneurial intention according to the spaces' characteristics (contextual variables) and individual variables. Results show a significant effect of the presence of role models as well as the organization of workshops within coworking spaces, but also the importance of some individual variables on the entrepreneurial intention of employees.

Keywords: « espace de coworking », « intention d'entreprendre », « tiers-lieu », « nouvelles formes de travail », “coworking space”, “entrepreneurial intention”, “third place”, “new ways of working”, “espacio de cotrabajo”, “intención empresarial”, “tercer lugar”, “nuevas formas de trabajo”

Using the culture and tradition theoretical framework, this paper examines the influence of traditional values on the relationship between service quality, perceived value and purchase intention in Senegal. Based on a sample of 303 African customers of an innovative shopping mall. Using structural equation models (PLS) the results show that service quality influences the perceived value of the innovative shopping mall which in turn affects the consumer's purchase intention. This work establishes a moderating role of traditional values on the relationships between specific dimensions of service quality and the perceived value of the innovative shopping mall.

Keywords: Centre commercial innovant, Intention d'achat, Qualité de service, Valeur perçue, Valeurs traditionnelles, Innovative shopping mall, Purchase intention, Service quality, Perceived value, Traditional values, Centro comercial innovador, intención de compra, calidad de servicio, valor percibido, valores tradicionales

This essay examines the status of women artists directly or indirectly related to the Automatist Movement in Quebec during the 1940s. Some of these women were signatories of the group's notorious Refus global (1948) manifesto, which marked a turning point in radical modern thought in Quebec. The author first recontextualizes the contribution of women artists to the art vivant milieu during the inter-war years; she then discusses an important aspect of radical modernity (avant-garde) as represented by the Automatists (1942-54): the plurality of disciplines and the trans-disciplinary practice, characteristic of nearly all the women artists involved in this movement. In conclusion, she offers an analysis of the significance of the signing of the Refus global for women artists: had they not done so, most of them would not be recognized as part of the history of this artistic and literary avant-garde movement, let alone the history of art in general.This study reveals the extent to which avant-garde activity relies on theoretical thought and writing to become a part of history. That few women have made their mark in artistic avant-garde movements has been attributed, in part, to the fact that they have written little, if at all. The same would no doubt be true of the women artists discussed here had they not signed their name to the Refus global. A number of them would undoubtedly have been acclaimed even without this signatory consecration, but recognition would have come at a later date and in another context.