Documents found
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232.More information
The data on the benefits of renovated Quebec libraries are rarely available to the public and other libraries. Thus, the impact of architectural and ergonomic choices remains unrecognized. How can we measure the added value for patrons, independently to the architectural value of the building ?This article presents a literature review on best practices for interior planning and design of libraries, followed by an analysis of twelve remodeling library projects in Quebec that occurred between 2007 and 2017, following a qualitative methodology based on an interpretative approach of the documentary resources and statistics.The results of the analysis demonstrate that is it possible to add the architectural value of the public library back to the patrons. The added value for the population is mainly manifested by an increased number of visits, in-library loans, registered users, activities, and participants to these same activities.Among the recommendations, we mention the collection, comparison and dissemination of the statistics before, during and after the renovations as an integral part of the architectural conception and of the functional and technical program ; the segmentation of the statistics and the coherence among the compiled elements by branch during the annual Inquiry on Quebec public libraries.
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237.More information
This article describes the organisation, the operation, the status, the management, and the services offered by friends of the library groups in North America as well as other groups and volunteers. The evolution of friends of the library groups in the United States and Canada is largely due to the financial support of private donors. In the second half of the nineteenth century, laws ensured the funding libraries with public monies; private benefactors became supporters rather than leaders of library development. During the seventies, American libraries turned to partnerships as a palliative to severe budget cutbacks. The recent rise of friends of the library groups constitues, in a way, a return to a former concept. This phenomenon is relatively new in Canada and Québec.
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238.More information
Since July 1989, there is in Belgium a legislation securing the public funding of political parties whose nature and role are now changed. This legislation has been modified from time to time. In return, political parties shall assume precise commitments such as a maximum amount for electoral expenses, a control of certain means used in election campaign, the prohibition of associations' and companies' donations and the limitation of individuals' donations, the transparency in their bookkeeping and the respect of the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights.
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239.More information
The extra-contractual civil liability of individuals and of private corporations rests on different legal grounds from that of political corporations. This liability originated during the period when the foundations of Quebec private and public law were being laid. As proper analysis of article 356 of the Civil Code of Lower Canada will allow for an interpretation in harmony with both the English and French legal sources which are part of Quebec's heritage. The contemporary legislator's efforts to adapt the liability of the State to conditions prevalent in the 21st century lack, in the author's estimation, both juridical and political perspective.
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240.More information
The initiatives on sustainable development taken by territorial public authorities are characterized by an emerging institutionalization process, which makes assessment practices necessary. To understand the impact of such practices on sustainable development public policies, this article relies on new institutional theory. Its empirical section focuses on a multi-level study of the discourses of territorial public actors involved in the assessment of sustainable actions. The results show the delicate appropriation of the sustainable development principles by public actors. The assessment becomes a tool to legitimize and structure sustainable actions, defined from a common norm. Renewed modes of governance as well as organizational learning effects thus emerge.
Keywords: pratiques évaluatives, théorie néo-institutionnelle, politiques publiques, développement durable, territoire, assesment practices, new institutional theory, public policy, sustainable development, territory, practicas evaluativas, teoria neoinstitucionalista, politicas publicas, desarrollo sostenible, territorio