Documents found
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232.More information
This article describes the organisation, the operation, the status, the management, and the services offered by friends of the library groups in North America as well as other groups and volunteers. The evolution of friends of the library groups in the United States and Canada is largely due to the financial support of private donors. In the second half of the nineteenth century, laws ensured the funding libraries with public monies; private benefactors became supporters rather than leaders of library development. During the seventies, American libraries turned to partnerships as a palliative to severe budget cutbacks. The recent rise of friends of the library groups constitues, in a way, a return to a former concept. This phenomenon is relatively new in Canada and Québec.
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233.More information
Since July 1989, there is in Belgium a legislation securing the public funding of political parties whose nature and role are now changed. This legislation has been modified from time to time. In return, political parties shall assume precise commitments such as a maximum amount for electoral expenses, a control of certain means used in election campaign, the prohibition of associations' and companies' donations and the limitation of individuals' donations, the transparency in their bookkeeping and the respect of the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights.
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234.More information
ABSTRACTTo better grasp the problem of the historical diversity and the rootedness of family policies in their cultural context, this article compares the situation of Germany before and after the 1989 reunification. This particular example is presented as a sort of socio-historical laboratory for measuring how political issues have influenced the development of means of socio-political regulation of the family and to refute non-historical comparisons of "welfare cultures" based on pseudoscientific cross-cultural stereotypes. This specific national case can simultaneously help to foster critical reflection on the new Europe and related social and political issues.
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235.More information
The extra-contractual civil liability of individuals and of private corporations rests on different legal grounds from that of political corporations. This liability originated during the period when the foundations of Quebec private and public law were being laid. As proper analysis of article 356 of the Civil Code of Lower Canada will allow for an interpretation in harmony with both the English and French legal sources which are part of Quebec's heritage. The contemporary legislator's efforts to adapt the liability of the State to conditions prevalent in the 21st century lack, in the author's estimation, both juridical and political perspective.
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236.More information
The initiatives on sustainable development taken by territorial public authorities are characterized by an emerging institutionalization process, which makes assessment practices necessary. To understand the impact of such practices on sustainable development public policies, this article relies on new institutional theory. Its empirical section focuses on a multi-level study of the discourses of territorial public actors involved in the assessment of sustainable actions. The results show the delicate appropriation of the sustainable development principles by public actors. The assessment becomes a tool to legitimize and structure sustainable actions, defined from a common norm. Renewed modes of governance as well as organizational learning effects thus emerge.
Keywords: pratiques évaluatives, théorie néo-institutionnelle, politiques publiques, développement durable, territoire, assesment practices, new institutional theory, public policy, sustainable development, territory, practicas evaluativas, teoria neoinstitucionalista, politicas publicas, desarrollo sostenible, territorio
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237.More information
In 1994 The National Library of Canada set up the National Core Library Statistics Programme (NCLSP). The aim of this programme is to draw up a national profile of libraries. To be successful, this programme has to rely on a close partnership with organisations and associations. A steering committee, made up of representatives from associations and networks of libraries, determines the scope of the programme, supervises the gathering of statistics, sees the interpretation of the results and publishes reports on the trends affecting the development of libraries. The ASTED representative outlines a brief history of the NCLSP and the role of the steering committee. The 1994 results and the specific situation of libraries in Québec are also presented. He concludes with a short summary of the perspectives of the Programme.
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238.More information
Although innovation is now considered to be the main driver for improving local public performance, there is little research on its dynamics and determinants. The objective of this of this research, which considers innovation as a multidimensional phenomenon, is to analyze the impact of organizational, environmental and managerial determinants on the various forms of local public innovation, based on a quantitative research conducted among French local authorities. By highlighting common determinants but also determinants specific to specific forms of innovation, this research sheds a new light on the dynamics of change and innovation within local public organizations.
Keywords: innovation publique, organisation publique, collectivités locales, dynamique de changement, Public innovation, public organizations, local authorities, change dynamics, innovación pública, determinantes, comunidades locales, análisis cuantitativo
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239.More information
The rationality of the state at work in the governance of public forests greatly limits the ability of indigenous communities to put new forest models into practice. The findings of the Mi'gmaq of Gespeg's commitment to forestry, as well as the difficulties encountered in implementing their community forest are the starting point for shedding light on the rationality that governs the use of Quebec's public land. This governmental rationality greatly limits the actions that can be taken to meet the needs and aspirations of specific groups. Thus, the system of governmentality, in Foucault's terms, of Quebec public lands is based on a one-dimensional conception of the Quebec population and a homogeneous vision of the territory and the economy. This perspective guides government actions towards the exploitation of resources and the territory based on the well-being of the Quebec population in general. The Aboriginals are therefore on the margins of the exercise of state power over its territory. Indigenous forestry carried out at the local level therefore confronts the mission of the responsible ministries. In addition, the indigenous desire to adapt the public forest management framework to its vision constitutes a challenge for scientific forestry, the basis of state forest management. These indigenous claims are currently exerting strong pressure for a transformation of the governmentality of public lands. Thus, the system of governmentality of public lands is called upon to redefine itself, both in its conception of the Quebec population, of the rights of certain groups, of its vision of the role of public lands, and in its system of knowledge.
Keywords: foresterie autochtone, gouvernementalité, territoire public, Foucault, ressources naturelles, colonialisme, aboriginal forestry, governmentality, public land, Foucault, natural resources, colonialism
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240.More information
This papers offers an analysis of the anti-feminism expressed by central actors of the field of population policies, which became a “pro-feminist” field refocused on “health and the reproductive rights” in the 1990s. This “revolution”, accomplished during the Cairo conference on population in 1994, saw the victory of a group of feminist agents within major philanthropic foundations and other organizations and the relative banishment of former experts in “population”. This appropriation of power loosened the expression of an anti-feminism, often veiled with politically correct discourse, which structures the representations of the social space of reproductive health institutions and operates a dichotomy between correct scientific expertise and ideological and illegitimate activism.
Keywords: antiféminisme, politiques de population, droits reproductifs, santé