Documents found
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251.More information
The comparative analysis of Quebec's social policies has developed through two types of approaches : explicative and qualificative. This article proposes a comparative analysis of Quebec's strategy to fight poverty and social exclusion, a perspective which is not often adopted in light of these two approaches. This double comparison makes it possible, on the one hand, to evaluate the weight of Quebec's strategy as an explicative factor for social inclusion policies (through a comparison with EU-15 member states) and, on the other hand, to analyze more precisely the political choices of Quebec's strategy (compared to those of Newfoundland and Labrador, Ontario and Nova Scotia).
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254.More information
Older adults constitute what may be called a privileged “clientele” of the State: old-age health and retirement programs are in fact core policies of the welfare state. However, ageing policies in industrialized countries have increasingly converged since the 1990s towards the home as space of predilection for ageing. These new social policies face a very different environment from that of the golden age of the post-war welfare state. This article proposes to examine how these policies adapt (or not) to the new social, demographic and budgetary challenges of the present and, therefore, it aims to shed light on what they reveal about the wider transformations of the welfare state in the 21st century. The analysis rests upon a comparative study of Quebec and France and it relies on a review of scientific, institutional and professional documents. Three main trends have been observed: the ambiguity of the objectives pursued by these policies, the contradictory visions of the expected roles of individuals, families and the State, and the adoption of informal strategies so that these policies “work” despite their missing resources.
Keywords: politiques de maintien à domicile, État-providence, managérialisation des politiques, Québec, France, home-care policy, Welfare State, Public policy managerialization, Quebec, France
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255.More information
Thirty-five paintings executed by Théophile Hamel for the Canadian government are reproduced here for the first time. Various authors from 1922 up to 1970 insisted that these paintings had been destroyed in fires in governments buildings. This mistake was rectified in 1970 by R. H. Hubbard. In 1975 and 1976, R. V. published the catalogue of the paintings including their location. Problems related to their size and the reflections in the glass panes covering them prevented their being photographed before 1981.
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256.More information
This article seeks to understand the causes and context of the “transition” towards sustainable urban mobility that has been implemented since the early 2000s in Mexico City despite the rather unfavorable political climate. Based on an ethnographic survey, it analyzes the “process of translation” that members of a cycling collective initiated in the 90's. Although they initially occupied a marginal position within the political parties' networks, these actors gradually manage to put the “transition” towards sustainable mobility on the agenda by promoting expert and international resources. Through professionalization strategies and entryism in the local government, they manage to boost the development of low-pollution public transportation modes. Facing the persistent contradictions of public action in this area, they finally seek to use this insertion in the political-administrative field in order to guarantee the autonomy of their contribution, by setting up a new legal framework dependent on the specific resources of international expertise. The analysis of this process underlines the need to study “transition trajectories” in the light of the social trajectories of actors who promote them. The “transition” to sustainable mobility is thus conditioned in Mexico by a transformation of the space of urban policies production, affected by the emergence of actors carrying new legitimacy operating shifts and exchanges between different fields. These movements show, more than an opposition between local political capital and international expertise, the complex logic of transfer between these two types of resources.
Keywords: transition écologique, trajectoires sociales, processus de traduction, politiques publiques, mobilité durable, Mexico, expertise, ecological transition, social trajectories, process of translation, public policies, sustainable mobility, Mexico, expertise
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257.More information
Industrial relations can be defined as the management of labour problems in an industrial society. Implicit in such management is the development of theories, techniques, and institutions to resolve the conflicts arising from work relations. These conflicts resuit from the permanent interaction of management efficiency, worker protectivism and the public policies developed by the State. The two processes that corne into play because of this inevitable interaction between management efficiency (whether at the level of the organization or society in gênerai) and the need for worker protectivism are human resource management and the establishment of working conditions, which in North America is called «labour relations». By «human resource management» we mean ail the activities or programs promoted by organizations and the State to acquire, maintain, develop, deploy and use effectively the persons doing or susceptible of doing useful work. And by «labour relations» we mean all the phenomena and activities related to the establishment of the rules for work. These rules are of two types: the substantive rules, which determine working conditions and the procedural rules, which determine the steps to be taken to change or apply the substantive rules. These two basic processes bring together three agents: the organization and its managers, the employees and their work society (union), and the State. The latter is involved in human resource management through its policies which seek to correct the imbalances in the labour market. It also adopts policies for the purpose of establishing minimum conditions for wages, hours of work, health, safety, and job discrimination. The State also determines the legal framework and the rules for the two other agents. Finally, since the State itself is an employer, it must like other employers develop a human resource management system and set the working conditions for its own employees. If the empirical presentation developed previously is now examined from an analytical or academic viewpoint, we see that industrial relations include three areas of study: human resource management, labour relations, and public policies on work. Also, when the Systems approach is applied to industrial relations, each of the agents is seen to have goals, values and even a certain degree of power, which allow them to organize, and to evolve their own philosophies. The interaction of the three gives rise to two types of activity that convert «inputs» to «outputs». Among the «outputs» are the turnover of personnel, absenteeism, worker attitudes, productivity, management rights, working conditions, and conflicts.
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259.More information
By instituting the freedom to form associations, the 1901 law also placed the work of associations within the public sphere, where the issue arises of their legitimacy with respect to the notion of public interest. Public interest, which was regarded as the preserve of government and public institutions for such a long time, has become less apparent. The direction of policy now results more from bargaining among different parties as the traditional distinction between public and private has become blurred. In this context, how is the social utility of associations to be viewed? Is it a replacement of public interest or just a subdivision? The author emphasizes the relevance of these questions at a time when the recognition of social utility defined by government follows market lines.
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260.More information
During the past thirty years, two childrens' and young adults' literature journals, Lurelu and Des livres et des jeunes, identified, described and promoted the work of school and public libraries in encouraging reading among youth; their intended audience was specialised (librarians, booksellers, teachers, and students). The two journals devoted considerable editorial space to storytelling activities and techniques by experienced librarians, parents, and teachers.