Documents found
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262.More information
Keywords: Municipalisme, Écologie, Éducation
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264.More information
In the absence of a policy and a framework for the implementation of community forestry projects in Quebec, many initiatives have been abandoned or suspended in the past decades. However, some territorial communities such as Regional County Municipalities (MRCs) and municipalities are attempting to innovate in community forestry. This article provides an overview of recent policies related to community forestry on public lands in Quebec while highlighting contrasted regional trajectories. Drawing on the notion of institutional bricolage, the authors ask the following question : what forms of institutional innovation are being deployed to ensure the implementation of community forestry initiatives ? To do so, two distinct cases of community forestry are reviewed : one based in the MRC des Laurentides and the other in the MRC de Maria-Chapdelaine. These cases illustrate two trajectories in community forestry, namely formal agreements allowed within the existing legal framework and informal agreements devised between local stakeholders. Those cases provide a better understanding of institutional arrangements which can lead to the emergence of community forestry projects congruent with the interests and considerations of local stakeholders. The MRC de Maria-Chapdelaine case especially demonstrates the high potential of informal approaches which correspond to institutional bricolage, a means to innovate in forest co-management for the implementation of community forestry initiatives.
Keywords: Foresterie communautaire, instituions, forêts de proximité, politiques, cogestion, Community forestry, instituions, proximity forests, policies, comanagement
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266.More information
This article analyses the consequences of government regulations in the care home sector, in particular for the 29.3% of care homes that are part of the social and solidarity economy (SSE). The article is based on a survey conducted in the Loire region and a review of government and independent reports. Founded on market principles, government regulations have introduced competition among care homes and the standardisation of their practices as they increasingly provide medicalised health care. These developments undermine the finances of SSE care homes and run counter to their traditional practices and values. SSE organisations have been driven to incorporate strategies from the private sector and even private finance. As a result, they have been forced into a process of consolidation and financialization.
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268.More information
Innovation policies grew in the last ten years, both towards a regional and a more indirect and infrastructural approach. Nevertheless, the question about their evaluation is still open, because of the several challenges and high costs linked to them. To clarify this problem, the present work analyzes two realities very similar : a French Competition Pole, localized in PACA, and the Canavese area, in Piedmont, Italy. A double, quantitative and qualitative, methodology has been applied in both of them to verify the relevance of some projects, sustaining the local SMEs growth, with the area development and their correlation with the considered SMEs performances. The results are highly varying because of the typology of projects, of services and of involved units, but they all underline the sure positive impact, on the involved SMEs, of the services realized, in the short time, and the more uncertain effects in the long period. These last depend on a lot of factors, related to the technological and economical status of the firms.
Keywords: Politiques pour l'innovation, Évaluation, Développement local, Performances d'entreprise
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269.