Documents found
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281.More information
In Quebec, economic diversification is a major challenge for resource regions historically characterized by an extractivist, export-oriented mode of exploitation. Using a sociological neo-institutionalist approach, this article examines the role of government and public policy in the institutionalization of emerging production niches. Two important factors in the institutional stabilization of niches are analyzed: firstly, the institutional work of articulating an extractivist landscape, sectoral and territorial public policy regimes, and emerging productive niches; secondly, the processes of problematization and instrumentation of the niche deployed by actors. These propositions are operationalized through a case study of Québec mariculture, an emerging productive niche in Québec's maritime regions in the mid-1990s. After crystallizing strongly during the 2000s, this niche entered a period of stagnation from 2010 onwards. An analysis of these three periods highlights the role of regional, professional and state actors, as well as the public policy context, in the emergence and anchoring of the niche in the political economy of a resource region. This article highlights the major role played by the state in stabilizing the niche.
Keywords: Diversification économique, niche, travail institutionnel, mariculture, Québec Maritime, Economic diversification, niche, institutional work, mariculture, Québec Maritime
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282.More information
The author summarises a number of ideas regarding the impact of various technologies on the future development of public libraries. After defining the mission of the public library, he describes the various changes currently underway that affect simultaneously the collections, the services, the premises, the staff, the budget and the readership.
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283.More information
SummaryFollowing the seminal work of Esping-Andersen, many studies have identified a variety of welfare regimes in Western Europe and North America. This study examines a set of quantitative social indicators, using hierarchical cluster analysis, in order to identify such regimes, which display specific arrangements between markets, the State and families in the production and distribution of the resources required for the well-being of people. Indeed, our empirical analyses reveal the existence of the three regimes originally identified by Esping-Andersen — social-democratic, liberal, and conservative — to which one must add, as many authors had pointed out, a fourth regime, distinct from the latter, called Latin. These results pertain whether one turns to data from the 80s or the 90s. The data also reveal strong and durable relations of mutual causality between the configuration of social programs in the various societies under analysis, the social situations which largely result from these social programs, and, lastly, the level of civic participation, which leads (or not) people to collective mobilization which in turn shapes social programs. Our comparative analysis allows us to identify Canada's place in the worlds of welfare capitalism.
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286.More information
This article aims to question the development of territorialized insertion devices from the concept of partnership. The latter is mobilized by public action as a managerial tool. Indeed, territorialization of social policy has produced a form of institutionalization of local actors involved. From longitudinal studies conducted in the Brussels-Capital Region, we believe that this process confiscates the democratic debate to operate in consensual fashion while a system of competition between the “private” social intervention associations and the parapublic sector appears.
Keywords: politiques sociales, territorialisation, intervention sociales, association, action publique, social policies, territorialization, scoial intervention, association, public action
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287.More information
AbstractIn spite of a legal framework hostile to cultural pluralism, dynamic mobilizations with regard to regional languages take place in France. This paradox is examined through the mechanisms of institutionalization of a linguistic policy in Brittany, which permits to understand the role of the law when it is seized by the collective action generated by territories. The implementation of the pays indicates that the linguistic issue is weakly perceived by the main actors of the territories, the “élus.” This evokes the importance of the collective action in the institutionalization of the law, but also the weak prospects for democratic governance in France.