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AbstractThis article considers public policies in the health domain that are labelled “humanisation of labour and childbirth” and their impact on the experience of childbirth among urban working-class women in Northeast Brazil. It analyses a paradigmatic example from the array of programmes: breast-feeding. Ethnographic data, collected during field research in three public childbirth centres in a neighbourhood in the city of Recife, provides evidence about the use of public health instruments to control poor women's bodies. Avoiding a deterministic vision of the relation between the health system and mothers as actors, the article develops a reflection on the links between the programmes and the experience of breast-feeding mothers.
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314.More information
Inspired by the theory of neo-institutionalism that gives institutions an important role in explaining political decision-making and public policy, this article analyses the November 2005 municipal election in Québec City. By electing independent candidate Andrée Boucher as Mayor, the voters ended a practice that had been going on since 1965, in which the mayors elected had always run within political parties. After a review of Québec City politics from the mid-1960's onward, in order to bring out the specific issues of this election, the authors analyse the political platforms, the way the election campaign proceeded, and the election results, and put together a list of the initial achievements of the Boucher administration. In conclusion, observations are drawn regarding the influence of institutional rules on political dynamics and on policy development at the local level.
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319.More information
Keywords: Justice sociale, mobilité quotidienne, accessibilité, Plan de Déplacements Urbains, acteurs des territoires, Clermont-Ferrand, Lyon
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320.More information
ABSTRACTNew Public Management appeared in the laboratories of neo-liberal ideas in the 1970s. Even if it is not the most radical of the projects to reform welfare states, it is part of the same tendency. The article examines, in turn, the major principles of the New Public Management, its theoretical underpinnings, and the results of experiments to implement it in the area of social assistance. The author argues that the notion of New Public Management operates as a myth, whose efficiency is more and more put into question by evaluations of the experiments.