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371.More information
Volunteer work in Canada is a powerful economic force. The benefits of volunteerism are felt on several levels: on the organisation, on society in general, and on the volunteer. Our summary investigation seems to indicate that public libraries in Québec do not attract volunteers. Common factors reported in the literature about the subject or the current practice can be established regarding the development and maintenance of volunteerism in general. Are these practices applicable to public libraries?
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372.More information
This article is about the ghettoization of the African American population from 1937 to 1967 in Newark, New Jersey, or since the adoption of the Housing Act in 1937 to the riots of July 1967. We demonstrate how a mixed demographic, deindustrialization and an authoritarian political system at the head of a real local 'mafiocracy' led to this phenomenon. Within the process of class domination, racial marginalization is a component of the American urbanization by defining the geographical areas based on ethnic and cultural affiliation of a group. If racism is linked to the theme of domination, its nature has more to do with exclusion.
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375.More information
Participatory governance has become a mode of governance around the world since the 1990s. This notion of participatory governance also attracts the Chinese authorities, who seek to transform and legitimize themselves through the development of Chinese society. Numerous experiments in participatory governance have been implemented in China, from participatory budgeting to participatory planning. Although the central state has emphasized the notion of participatory governance, it is still been experimented in various ways, particularly at the local level. So, it is interesting to understand the development of participatory governance in the Chinese context. In this article, we will first discuss the context of the development of participation in China, from the State to practices at local levels, while showing different categories of participation. We will also highlight important factors that promote the emergence of participatory planning and its implications at the community level. Besides, from an analytical perspective, we will examine participatory planning: its purpose, strategy and process. Then, based on the political sociology approach, we will focus on the transformation of the actors in this participation, from the "technical expert" to the " technical elite". In the fourth part, we will show the role of these technical elites. Finally, we will conclude by the discussion about Chinese participation and its implications for the local regime in Zhuhai.
Keywords: Gouvernance locale, élite nouvelle, participation locale, Local governance, new elite, community participation
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377.More information
Conditions for the development of a new program of research in the field of social policy are stipulated in this article with the purpose of facilitating the evaluation and comparison of different conceptions of justice and welfare. Normative policy analysis makes practicable a judgment over the objectives and consequences of public policies, as other approaches in policy analysis, but with an emphasis on the particular social choices and orientations that are expressed in public policies, or in political conflicts about policy issues. The question of social equity is used as an illustration for the research approach, on a theoretical and methodological level, as well as in a more practical manner.
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378.More information
ABSTRACTIn this article, we discuss the consequences of the functioning of the labor market on conflicts of interest and public decisions. We identify two factors of sclerosis. First, the existence of rents increases the political support for protective policies that block changes having allocative consequences in the labor market. Second, collective action and government intervention tend to substitute themselves for the (misfunctioning) labour market.