Documents found
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421.More information
We introduce the case of Ban Lak Sip, a multiethnic village located in the province of Louang Prabang in northern Laos, where various actors share concerns about the quality of agrarian lands. Villagers, local authorities, sustainable development projects and international environmental scientists all seem concerned about erosion. Since the early 1990s, the international community has joined forces with the authorities to implement rural development programs. The concept of environmental justice provides a critical perspective of sustainable development policies applied to the local management of teak plantations in Laos. It is useful to understand the consequences of these policies, their reception and appropriation, as well as their rejection or subversion by local populations. With the help of ethnographic data collected in the field, we will highlight the anthropological context of the environmental problem of land degradation in Ban Lak Sip. We will present the socio-environmental stakes formed around the disturbing development of the teak monoculture. Through the perspective of environmental justice, we will highlight the injustices suffered by villagers already victims of ethnic discrimination. These injustices are environmental, as the inequalities observed are accentuated by the soil erosion. Moreover, the public policies implemented to fight this erosion can themselves target vulnerable populations. By ignoring the capabilities of the populations concerned, they aggravate inequalities and fail to solve the problem of soil erosion.
Keywords: justice environnementale, développement durable, politiques publiques, forêts, écologie, anthropologie, sciences de la terre, relations inter-ethniques, Khamou, Laos, environmental justice, sustainable development, public policies, forests, ecology, anthropology, earth sciences, inter-ethnic relations, Khamou, Laos
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422.More information
This article summarizes policy-relevant happiness research and demonstrates that self-reported happiness could be used to evaluate public policies. Self-reported well-being tracks objective societal and economic conditions fairly well and helps quantify people's suffering. Evidence also demonstrates that some liberal policies, such as generous unemployment benefits, progressive taxation, and income equality are positively associated with citizens' self-reported well-being, whereas others (e.g. larger government spending per Gross Domestic Product) are not. Just as the regular recording of economic activities helps gauge the effectiveness of specific policies and the general economic well-being of individuals and society at large, the regular recording of citizens' self-reporting well-being gauge the effectiveness of specific policies as well as the psychological well-being of individuals and society at large.
Keywords: Bonheur, bien-être, bien-être subjectif, politiques publiques, bien-être sociétal, happiness, well-being, subjective well-being, policy goal, societal well-being
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427.More information
This first article presents the results of a survey of 35 Québec municipalities and their views of the public library. Municipal governments include the elected officials, senior management (executive directors and supervisors) and library managers. Their views or opinions were evaluated in terms of the relative value given to a number of factors that characterize a public library. The results show that only a few characteristics are deemed essential by the majority of the groups surveyed, but a large number of these factors are nevertheless viewed as important.
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428.More information
The UNESCO Public Libraries Manifesto outlines the four missions of a public library: information, literacy, education and culture. The purpose of this article is to identify definitions of these four concepts in the library and related literatures.The literature indicates that these concepts are governed by several theories. Furthermore, information science examines the information mission from a theoretical point of view, ignoring the other concepts or missions. The four concepts are poorly circumscribed and are unsatisfactory when defining the missions of the public library.
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429.More information
Despite the fact that performance management has been widely adopted in public organizations across the western world, the implementation and institutionalization of this practice remain problematic. The aim of this study is to analyze, using the theoretical approaches of deviance and organizational change, the main difficulties and resistances that emerge during the change process and the factors that limit or reduce internal and organizational resistances. A case study, conducted in a French public organization, enabled a deeper understanding of the dynamic of organizational deviances and the factors that influence it.
Keywords: Déviances organisationnelles, organisations publiques, management par la performance, démarche de performance, organizational deviances, public organizations, performance management, change management, desviaciones organizacionales, instituciones públicas, gestión de resultados