Documents found
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155.More information
Testimony is a speech act and a narrative act. When analysed from the perspective of enunciation, more precisely reception, it appears that the proper name of the witness is most important. Using the example of Yannick Haenel's novel, Jan Karski, the article outlines the characteristics of the name ‘Jan Karski' that has a plural reference. It is a personal name as well as ‘a signature'—the name of the author who signs a couple of testimonial narratives. Moreover, the name ‘Jan Karski' is associated with the author's own convictions—but voiced as a first-person protagonist's monologue. I consider the name of a witness as an ‘author's name' and this connection explains the tensions which inhabit Haenel's narrative project. The paper brings forward some more points that explain the ambivalent reading of the novel by historians and literary critics.
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157.More information
The systemic perspective doesn't lead to oppose a structural or systemic conception to a more strategic approach. But on the contrary to relate them closely showing the interactions, the constraints and the interdependences which condition the different political choices, confine and progressively close the fields of possibilities. Much more than actor's intentions, these are the system's properties which determine its logic, its global dynamic and its effects. In this way we will successively look after the strategies of different national actors (Germany, France, Great-Britain, USSR, Belgium) in the triggering of the World War II, and the properties of the system related to the interactions and interdependences of actor's games. Finally, we will study the dynamic and effects of the system: the path of war.
Keywords: Jeux d'acteurs, système d'action complexe, propriétés et effets de système, Deuxième Guerre mondiale, relations internationales, Actors games, Complex Action System, Properties and Systemic Effects, Triggering of World War II, International Relations
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158.More information
Keywords: friches industrielles, tourisme hors des sentiers battus, reconversion, tourisme urbain, Łódź
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159.More information
Mobilization of religious references by the Polish national- conservative Law and Justice party (PiS) in power between 2015 and 2023 has become ubiquitous. This article analyses these intersecting – and controversial – uses of the religious register. First, it shows how the religious referent has been used by the PiS government in the areas of reproductive rights and higher education and research. Second, the use of religious reference in collective action is analyzed through two distinct but interrelated types of mobilization : conservative mobilizations supported by reactionary think tanks, and social movements critical of the government. Even though it has been hijacked, the religious reference remains inescapable.
Keywords: Pologne, conservatisme, religion, droit et justice, think tanks, féminisme, Poland, conservatism, religion, Law and Justice, think tanks, feminism
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160.More information
At the end of the First World War, Austria-Hungary has stopped existing. France developed two possible politics facing Austria-Hungary : either its disappearance or its keeping up under a new form. As mentioned in the two Quai d'Orsay memorandums, November 1917 and March 1918, France seems to be favourable to Roland revival and Czecho-Slovakia creation. France also relies on a « Great Romania » formation to create an anti-germanic barrier. Other factors mil also influence French politics : mainly the entry of the United States into war and the Czernin declaration consequences. However, the Armand/Revertera discussions analysis gives prominence to another possible politics : the upholding of the Austria-Hungary counterbalance to Germany. France will even try, by diplomatic manoeuvres at the end of war, to save the Danubian Monarchy through the intervention of Berne's new French ambassador, Paul Dutasta.