Documents found
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221.More information
This relatively detailed study on the length of workers' periods of work and employment in Poland first describes sources of relevant norms within a system which remains centralized. The very notion of a work or employment period is explained and exact norms are exposed which determine the normal work periods as well as norms applicable to categories of workers entitled shortened periods due to particularly difficult or unhealthy conditions. The article also explores the increasing phenomenon of equivalent norms for situations in which the demand for work is unequal, whereas various other occupations justify the application of extended norms. The text goes on to describe policy on overtime work : its determination, limitation and compensation so as to encompass special situations such as nighttime work and provide some critical observations on the system as a whole.
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223.More information
AbstractThe fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 has elicited great hopes, which have to a large extent matched the peoples' expectations. In fact, once rid of totalitarianism, Eastern Europe renewed with democracy and has since known a relative growth due to economic liberalism, while integrating successfully into the European Union (EU) and dissipating fears inherited from the Cold War. Today, however, the disenchantment prevails. Europe has been unable to improve its institutions, preferring to expand rather than to deepen. Furthermore, through their unilateralist policy, the United States of America revived tensions that were thought to be over between the East and the West.
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226.More information
The Monday effect is an anomaly in which Monday's market returns are significantly lower than those of other days. Following the economic transition of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, we analyzed these 11 equity markets from 1993 to 2017 for the longest series. Following an exhaustive econometric approach, we studied the profitability and the volatility of the flagship indices of each country. The Monday effect is observed in most of these markets, but turns out to be reversed for two of them. Investors can therefore use this anomaly to optimize their international investment strategy.
Keywords: effet lundi, Europe centrale et orientale, rentabilité, actions, stratégie d'investissement, Monday effect, Central and Eastern Europe, profitability, equities, investment strategy, efecto lunes, Europa central y oriental, rentabilidad, renta variable, estrategia de inversión
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227.More information
The "golden age" in East-West trade is over since 1975. However, the period following the beginning of the world crisis, up to 1980, was not so gloomy as it was expected in the mid seventies. Although at a reduced rate, compared with the previous period, there was a significant increase in trade and especially exports of Eastern Europe to the West. Apart from the Polish case, indebtedness of Eastern Europe did not soar in dramatic proportions, and some countries achieved a stabilization of their trade balance with the West at the end of the decade; East-West industrial cooperation developed; the adverse political climate, which deteriorated sharply in 1980, did not stop trade flows and did not entail a reorientation toward Comecon of East European trade ; notwithstanding the standstill of Comecon EEC negociations, several important arrangements were signed between the Common Market and individual Comecon member countries.The prospects up to 1985 are not very bright, especially when considering the recession in Western economies, the structural difficulties impeding the reform movement in the East European economies, the Polish crisis, the financial difficulties of some other countries. The future of East-West trade is linked to the energy constraints of the Eastern bloc, its agricultural situation ; it may benefit from the developments in the socialist integration process.
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228.More information
This article analyses a form of territorial governance related to clusters, based on the interaction between the FDI, the technological spillovers and the action of public authorities in Poland. Our results indicate that the economic importance of territory constitutes one of the major FDI determinants, as well as the intervention of public authorities and the participation of scientific agencies in clusters.
Keywords: Gouvernance territoriale régionale, IDE, Cluster, Pologne, Innovation, Internationalisation, Pouvoirs publics, Territorial regional governance, FDI, Cluster, Poland, Innovation, Internationalization, Public authorities, Gobernanza territorial regional, IED, Cluster, Polonia, Innovación, Internacionalización, Autoridades públicas