Documents found
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3791.
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3792.
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3795.
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3798.More information
The settlement of disputes constitutes the vault key to the multilateral commercial system and one of the unprecedented contributions of the World Trade Organization (WTO) to the stability of the world economy. If, to use the same terms as the Geneva institution, the Understanding on rules and procedures governing the settlement of disputes (URPSD) “consecrates the reign of law”, some of its provisions may seem to lack equity in regards to private actors of the international economy as well as to developing countries. It is the same case concerning the articles devoted to crossed retaliatory measures. However, we will note that a certain balance, detached in a praetorian way by the referees and lobbyists of the WTO, emerges from necessity, for the parties that take advantage of this mechanism, to demonstrate the existence of very severe economic conditions that first level commercial powers, such as the European Union and the United States will have (fortunately, we can add) difficulty to produce. An exam that allows, indeed, to advance that paragraphs b) and c) of article 22 (3) of the URPSD are currently a weapon that is not quite to every one's disposal. The study of European Communities' judicial reaction (for judicial reasons, the European Union is officially named “European Communities” in the WTO) concerning the recent “war of steel” will illustrate the very voluntary attitude of Europe in the use of WTO commercial defense mechanisms and will expose some variables to the process of crossed retaliation as it is.
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3799.More information
The objective of this article is to examine how international law spreads, promotes and seeks to universalize one conception of childhood: a Western and hegemonic conception of childhood. The issue of child labor appears to be the best illustration for a critique of this homogenization and the monopolization of the discourses on children for the economic, political and ideological interests of Western states. Therefore, this study will focus on the deconstruction of the rights of the child, the international norms and political discourses held by international organizations related to child labor. Inspired by the pioneering studies conducted in the field of human and social sciences which denounced the universalization of the Western model of childhood, this article intends to do the same within the field of legal science. This research concludes with a study of the claims of Third World working children movements based on the language of law and will reflect on children's right to participate as an alternative to the hegemonic Western conception of childhood promoted by international law.